Retrofitting systems

Easy to retrofit system danger of acidic water on anion breakthrough... 

The vendor supplied an unspecified case study that compared the costs of an existing pump-and-treat system with a pump-and-treat system that had been retrofitted to accommodate an FE ACTIVE. The projected life-cycle cost (adjusted for an inflation rate of 4% and a rate of interest of 5%) of the existing pump-and-treat system was calculated to be 3,930,000 (1996 dollars). The life-cycle cost (adjusted for a 4% inflation rate and a 5% interest rate) of the FE ACTIVE retrofit system was calculated at 945,000 (1996 dollars). Both estimates included capital costs, operation and maintenance expenses, and the cost of groundwater monitoring. Similarly, had the FE ACTIVE system been installed initially, its life-cycle cost would be 1,630,000 (1996 doUars). 

Calcium Carbonate—High Sulfur Coal. These systems have been designed for a number of Midwestern utilities with units burning an average 3.5% sulfur coal, with 15% ash. The systems are installed following 80% or better removal of particulate matter by means of collection devices already on the boiler for retrofit systems, or by means of mechanical or wet collection devices supplied as part of the C-E system. 

In this paper, the current seismic retrofitting systems for reinforced concrete piers/columns and bridge-falling prevention systems at the abutments and piers in Japan were studied. The application of epoxy resin for both systems was investigated and discussed. Furthermore, seismic design and construction for newly built structures were also introduced. 

Quattlebaum, I, K. A. Harries and M. F. Petrou (2005). Comparison of three CFRP flexural retrofit systems under monotonic and fatigue loads. Journal of Bridge Engineering 10(6) pp. 731-740. 

In conclusion, the use of an FRP retrofitting system in the direction of diagonal tension forces in the joint at 45° assures the strong-column weak-beam concept. In addition, the damaged zone location can be controlled through the utilized FRP retrofitting system. 

FRP retrofit systems can be effective for both circular and rectangular columns. Circular jackets provide the column with a continuous confinement pressure, whilst rectangular jackets only provide confinement pressure at the corners of the column. In such cases to avoid stress concentrations at these points, Seible et al. (1995), in their Advanced Composites Technology Transfer Consortium, Report No. ACTT-95/08, have suggested the use of oval-shaped FRP jackets in design these can be expected to prevent slippage of lapped bars within the retrofitted region. Columns with oval-shaped FRP composite material produce ductile column performance. The FHWA (January... 

Process effluent and drainage or sewerage systems within the plant are made from corrosion-resistant materials and designed to prevent leaks to reduce the risk of loss from underground pipelines. To facilitate inspection and repair, effluent water collection systems at new plants and retrofitted systems are either ... 

To facilitate inspection and repair, effluent water collection systems at new plants and retrofitted systems are, e g. 

A numerical model was built specifically to simulate the nonlinear static behavior of the facade and of a retrofitting system using fiber reinforcement polymers for the masonry panels. Eight-node isoparametric plane stress elements... 

A well-promising retrofitting method for upgrading an existing traditional moment-resisting cramection is shown in Fig. 13. This concept uses the so-called SidePlate retrofit system where the... 

Retrofit systems or new instaiiations, one boiier does it aii, Bryan Tripie-Fiex ... 

Nate Retrofit systems designed for installation in prefabricated vessels are possible if manway access is provided. The manufacturer can preassemble and tack-weld the unit, match-marking the adjacent parts for easy disassembly in the field. Final assembly is completed inside the vessel by realigning the match-marked assembly map and welding the unit in place. 

Passman, R. Redwitz, K. Theriault, M. Wolff, P. Improving the Wave Soldering Process with New Nitrogen Retrofit Systems, Proceedings of Nepcon West Anaheim, CA, 1999. 

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