Infrared heating

The use of infrared heat (gas-frred ceramics) or microwave energy to speed up the roasting process while providing a more even roast has also been patented (26,27). 

The Mix-R-Step type in Fig. ll-62e is an adaptation of avibratoiy conveyor. It features better heat-transfer rates, practically doubling the coefficient values of the standard flat surface and trebling heat-flux values, as the layer depth can be increased from the norm 13 to 25 and 32 mm (V2 to 1 and F in). It mav be provided on decks jacketed for air, steam, or water spray. It is also often apphcable when an infrared heat source is mounted overhead to supplement the indirect or as the sole heat source. 

Krishnamurthy, K., Jun, S., Irudayaraj, J., and Demirci, A. (2008). Efficacy of infrared heat treatment for inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in milk. J. Food Process Eng. 31, 798-816. 

Infrared heating systems are used for crosslinking during the application of surface finishes to profiles, such as flock finishes. Silicone profiles are also produced using high temperature infrared systems. 

Mattson and Mark [55,56] reported some criticism of Kawahara s technique. They claim that evaporation of the solvent chloroform by infrared heating removes volatiles and causes large changes in the ratios. An oil sample was shown to suffer such alteration by the infrared during repeated analysis. The absorption of all bands decreased nonuniformly between 20 and 100% over a period of 30 min. They propose the application of internal reflection spectrometry as a rapid, direct qualitative technique requiring no sample pretreatment. 

C.2 Engineering Consideration. The primary engineering considerations in prebaking are the selection and maintenance of baking ovens. Several types of ovens such as forced air convection ovens, conduction ovens, and infrared heated ovens are commonly employed. The main requirements for baking hardware are ... 

The McLaren/Hart Environmental Engineering Corporation s (McLaren/Hart s) IRV-100 is a mobile, ex situ, low-temperature thermal desorption unit. The IRV-100 treats volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatUe organic compounds (SVOCs) in contaminated soil by using an infrared heating carriage. The IRV-150 and the IRHV-200 are enhanced versions of the IRV-100. The major enhancement is that both the IRV-150 and IRHV-200 operate under increased vacuum pressure. 

In the process, the TDU heats contaminant molecules above their boiling points to desorb the contaminants into the vapor phase in an oxygen-deficient environment, thus preventing oxidization of the contaminants. The volatilized contaminants and the moisture from the soil are condensed and collected within the system. The process is then controlled by using infrared heating and an alloy belt feed system within the TDU. 

Ethyl ethoxymethylenecyanoacetate can be prepared in the laboratory from ethyl cyanoacetate and ethyl orthoformate according to the directions of de Bellemont.2 The submitters and checkers used a commercial product, m.p. 45-50°, obtained from Kay-Fries, Inc., New York. The liquefied product is weighed and poured into the dropping funnel. An infrared heating lamp is used to keep it liquid during the addition. 

The heal required for sublimation (1200 Btu per pound of ice 664 kilogram-calories per kilogram of ice) can be supplied by conduction, radiation, electric resistance, microwave, or infrared heating. Three methods of heal input that have been investigated extensively are shown in Fig. 2. Depending on the method of heal transfer, the temperature gradient between Ihe sublimation interface and the heat source is limited by Ihe maximum temperature which can be tolerated on Ihe surface of the dry... 

In the thermal-catalytic method a peroxide catalyst is usually used to initiate the free radical chain reaction. The main disadvantages are the higher temperatures required for carrying out the polymerizations, the potential hazard of explosion on addition of catalyst to the monomer, and disposal of excess catalyzed monomer after impregnating. Combinations of heat, radiation, and catalyst have been experimented with to reduce the radiation and catalyst requirements and to increase the rate of polymerization. In thermal polymerization a muffle furnace, infrared heating, and microwave heating can be used to provide the thermal energy. 

The first result of applying infrared radiation to native starch is degradation. Schierbaum et al.u observed the sequence of dehydration, in which nonbonded water is driven off prior to capillary water (Fig. 30). The shape of the diagram suggests that the effects of heating are very mild. Thus infrared heating has the potential for subtle modifications of starch. The amounts of particular portions of water are obviously different for potato starch, cereal starches, and soaked starches. 

Another style of furnace system, provided by Ulvac/Sinku-Rico Inc. [11], is an infrared heating furnace (Figure 2.9). This... 

The reactor is heated by four infrared heating elements of 125 W each. The oven temperature is controlled by a programmable temperature controller (ALL Control AC 302). 

Different properties reported for this compound. f Infrared heat source. 

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