Compatibility plasticizer

A plasticizer is a substance the addition of which to another material makes that material softer and more flexible. This broad definition encompasses the use of water to plasticize clay for the production of pottery, and oils to plasticize pitch for caulking boats. A more precise definition of plasticizers is that they are materials which, when added to a polymer, cause an increase in the flexibiUty and workabiUty, brought about by a decrease in the glass-transition temperature, T, of the polymer. The most widely plasticized polymer is poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) due to its excellent plasticizer compatibility characteristics, and the development of plasticizers closely follows the development of this commodity polymer. However, plasticizers have also been used and remain in use with other polymer types. 

The ratio of acrylonitrile/butadiene could be adjusted to obtain a polymer with specific properties. Increasing the acrylonitrile ratio increases oil resistance of the rubber, but decreases its plasticizer compatibility. 

Figure 6.6 Plastic incompatibility. Showing at A and B that symmetric boundaries are plastically compatible, whereas asymmetric ones at C and D are not.

Figure 6. Schematic representation of relationships between three important properties of the plasticizer compatibility, efficiency, and permanence (/)...

Plasticizer compatibility is a second limiting property. This results from the fact the chloroparaffins containing less than approximately 40% chlorine have poor compatibility when used in conjunction with primary plasticizers 11). This is shown qualitatively in Table IV for a chlorinated single component w-paraffin at a level of 20% replacement of dioctyl phthalate. It is evident that the exudation first reaches its lowest value in the range 40 to 45% chlorine. This level of chlorine appears to be a minimum regardless of the length of the carbon chain of the paraffin. 

Interaction Parameters. Early attempts to describe PVC—plasticizer compatibility were based on the same principles as used to describe solvation, ie, like dissolves like (2). To obtain a quantitative measure of PVC—plasticizer compatibility a number of different parameters have been used. More recently these methods have been assessed and extended by many workers (7—9). In all cases it is not possible to adequately predict the behavior of polymeric plasticizers. 

Huang D, Liao F, Molesa S, Redinger D, Subramanian V. (2003) Plastic-compatible low resistance printable gold nanoparticle conductors for flexible electronics. / Electrochem Soc 150(7) G412-G417. 

Plasticization is another area where the nature of the interaction of a polymer with molecules is critical to the usefulness of the polymer in many applications. Sears and Darby [18] have provided an outstanding description of the role of polymer-plasticizer compatibility in effective plasticization, and have reviewed the importance of 8 and many other descriptors of compatibility in addressing this very complex problem. 

Note also that although EP, USP and WHO extractive procedures (see also BS 5736 parts 1-10) give only limited information and are usually mandatory only for eye products and injectables, this type of test may be useful for company assessment of various types of plastics. Compatibility tests at the feasibility stage may involve so-called accelerated or stress conditions. It should be recorded that higher temperatures may in some way either destroy the pack or make it less effective,... 

Plasticizers may be divided into two categories on the basis of their solvating power and compatibility with resins. Primary plasticizers can solvate resins and, within certain limits, retain compatibility on aging. Secondary plasticizers have limited solubility and compatibility and are, therefore, used only in conjunction with a primary plasticizer. Plasticizer compatibility is now largely related to cohesive energy density (which can be calculated from the structure) or solubility parameter. 

Historical Perspective General Theory of Plasticization Plasticizer Compatibility Compatibility Stability Fusion Properties of Plasticizers Plasticizer Concentration Effects Heat Stability Odor Development... 

Plasticizer Compatibility in Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds Under Humid Conditions," ASTM D 2383—69, 1981. 

USE In Organic syntheses as plasticizer, compatible with nitrocellulose, polystyrene, methacrylate, vinylite resins as fungicide and bactericide in antienzyme toothpastes to reduce pickle bloating. 

Whereas incompatible partners in polyblends usually result in heterogeneous morphologies (e.g., styrene-butadiene SB), and often in highly resilient plastics, compatible partners result in plastics with moderate property profiles in accordance with the mixing percentages (e.g., PC/PBT). 

Chem. Descrip. Stryrene/n-butylacrylate/acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymer (50%), ammonia (< 5%), emulsifier Uses Styrene-acrylic for road marking paints Features Free from film-forming aids, soivs., and plasticizers compat. 

Features Free from film-forming aids, soivs., and plasticizers compat. 

Features Free from film-forming aids, soivs., and plasticizers compat. with water-thinnable resins, pigments, and fillers good adhesion to degreased, bright metals, phosphated or lead-coated sheet steel Properties Milky wh. liq. faint odor dilutable in water dens. 1.01-1.04 g/ cm (20 C) vise. 100 50 mPa s vapor pressure 23 hPa (20 C) water m.p. 0 C b.p. 100 C pH 7-9 (20 C) anionic 50 1% solids Environmental Keep away from drains, water, soil Hazardous Decomp. Prods. May release harmful gases/vapors in fire may liberate residual monomers... 

Preferred oils are naphthenic or paraffinic in nature, compatible with the polybutadiene portion of the polymer. Plasticizers compatible with the polystyrene blocks tend to reduce strength. 

Preliminary Plastic Compatibility Immersion 15 min at boiling point (37°C [99 F])... 

Preliminary Plastic Compatibility Immersion 5 Minutes at Room Temperature 25 C (77 F)... 

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