Lactobacillus probiotics

Modifying primary and secondary immunological response by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus probiotics is linked with their structures being recognized by TLR 9 present on monocytes and lymphocytes, as well as with TLR expression on dendritic cells. As a result, release of IL 12 and IFNy is increased. Also preferential recruitment of Thl lymphocytes has been observed. Saito made a hypothesis that individually selected TLR ligand doses might be administered as a medicine to infants at risk of allergy (Saito et al., 2003). 

Klaenhammer, T.R. 1998. Functional activities of Lactobacillus probiotics Genetic mandate. Int. Dairy J. 8, 497-505. 

Klaenhammer, T. R. (1998). Functional activities of Lactobacillus probiotics genetic mandate. International Dairy Journal, 8,497-505. 

Palomar, M.M., Maldonado Galdeano, C., and Perdigon, G. (2014) Influence of a lactobacillus probiotic strain on the intestinal ecosystem in a stress model in mouse. Brain Behav Immun 35, 77—85. 

Probiotics, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus or Bifidobacterium, may offer possible benefit, based on the rationale that modification of the host flora may alter the inflammatory response. Some evidence exists for improvement in disease symptoms, but further well-controlled trials are needed.26... 

Charteris, W. P. Kelly, P. M. Morelli, L. Collins, J. K. Selective detection, enumeration and identification of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in mixed bacterial populations. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 1997,35,1-27. 

A Lactobacillus strain was recently shown to inhibit competitively adhesion of enteropathogenic E. coli to pig ileum and interfered with bacterial attachment to the mucosal layer of ileal conducts (Blomberg et al., 1993). Although L. acidophilus inhibits the adhesion of several enteric pathogens to human intestinal cells in culture, when pathogen attachment preceded L. acidophilus treatment, no inhibitory interference occurred indicating that steric hindrance of site occupation is important in the inhibition of adhesion. Thus, therapeutic use is likely to be limited to preventive application of probiotics. 

Koebnick C, Wagner I, Leitzmann P, Stem U, Zunft HJ Probiotic beverage containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota improves gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic constipation. Can J Gastroenterol 2003 17 655-659. 

Recurrent CDAD is a particularly difficult problem which occurs in up to 20% of patients. Most patients will need repeated antibiotic treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin. Treatment strategies include pulsing or tapering antibiotics and adding probiotic agents, such as Lactobacillus GG or the nonpathogenic yeast Saccharo-myces boulardii [66],... 

As diarrhea is a known and common complication of antibiotic therapy, many approaches have been used for prevention. The use of probiotics administered with the antibiotic is appealing. A probiotic is a live microbial food supplement that beneficially affects the host animal, improving its microbial balance [67], Certain probiotics can reduce the risk and duration of diarrhea [68]. Agents used in prevention of AAD include lactobacilli, such as Lactobacillus GG, Streptococcus faecium, bifidobacteria and the yeast S. boulardii. 

Lactobacilli used have included a commercial mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (Lactinex ) and Lactobacillus GG. decreased AAD in adults receiving amoxicillin (3.3%) compared to placebo (21%), but the difference was not statistically significant [69]. A study in children receiving amoxicillin failed to demonstrate a significant decrease in AAD with this probiotic mixture [70], Variability in lots may explain differences in efficacy in many trials [71], Lactobacillus GG may have a better efficacy than this probiotic mixture in... 

Several probiotic organisms have been shown to adhere to the intestinal mucosa (Jacobsen et ah, 1999). For example, Lactobacillus acidophilus... 

Jacobsen, C. N., Rosenfeldt Nielsen, V., Hayford, A. E., Moller, P. L., Michaelsen, K. E., Paerregaard, A., Sandstrom, B., Tvede, M., and Jakobsen, M. (1999). Screening of probiotic activities of forty-seven strains of Lactobacillus spp. by in vitro techniques and evaluation of the colonization ability of five selected strains in humans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 4949-4956. 

Gardiner, G., Ross, R. P., Collins, J. K., Fizgerald, G., and Stanton, C. (1998). Development of a probiotic Cheddar cheese containing human-derived Lactobacillus paracasei strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 2192-2199. 

Lactobacillus spp. Probiotic, fermentation Label-free iTRAQ MALDI- based Global stress/physiology (166,180,181)... 

Nagy, A., Jgdrychowski, L., Gelencser, E., Wroblewska, B., Szymkiewicz, A. 2005b. Induction of specific mucosal immune responses by viable or heat denatured probiotic bacteria of Lactobacillus strains. Acta Alimentaria 34 33-39. 

Using the ELISA (with avidin-biotin bridges) and ELISPOT methods a stimulating effect of selected probiotic bacteria (Bifidobacterium longum, B animalis, Lactobacillus easel, L. salivarius) on the immune system of the rat and mouse has been demonstrated (higher level of specific as well as total IgGa and IgA content) (Nagy et al., 2002). 

Further studies have shown that pretreatment of epithelial monolayers with probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 and Lactobacillus... 

Recently, Pridmore and co-workers (2008) have examined the production of hydrogen peroxide by the human gastrointestinal isolate Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533. Through in silico analysis of the genome of this potential probiotic strain they identified the means by which hydrogen peroxide is synthesized. Furthermore, they demonstrated that the strain actively produced hydrogen peroxide in vitro at levels that were inhibitory for S. Typhimurium. 

Aiba, Y., Suzuki, N., Kabir, A. M., Takagi, A., and Koga, Y. (1998). Lactic acid-mediated suppression of Helicobacter pylori by the oral administration of Lactobacillus salivarius as a probiotic in a gnotobiotic murine model. Am.. Gastroenterol. 93,2097-2101. 

Galdeano, C. M. and Perdigon, G. (2006). The probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus casei induces activation of the gut mucosal immune system through innate immunity. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 13(2), 219-226. 

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