Laboratory surfaces

Because wastage is usually slight, identification by visual observation alone is difficult microscopic examination is usually required. Layer-type dealloying commonly occurs. Plug-type denickelification attack has never been observed at this laboratory. Surfaces have a reddish color due to the accumulation of denickelified metal. 

The following laboratory surfaces have given high correlations with a wide range of road test data ... 

FIGURE 26.38 Correlation and regression coefficients between road test ratings obtained on three different wet road test tracks and laboratory ratings obtained on a wet Alumina 60 laboratory surface as function of... 

Table 26.7 gives a list of the boundary conditions which define a tire wear test simulation and in fact also an acmal road test. The road surface is the laboratory surface on which the abrasion data for the simulation were obtained. There is as yet no definition of a road surface and even if there were one, it would be of httle use since road surface structures change frequently along the road surface as pointed out earlier. 

The different surface stmcmres of the road and laboratory surfaces appear to play a minor role. 

Incomplete oxidation seems to be the main reason for the discrepancies in the results found in different laboratories. Surface oxides on commercial carbon blacks, with the exception of color blacks, never show this ratio because they are never completely oxidized. 

W. VAN SAARLOOS Sandia National Laboratories, Surface and Interface Sciences Department, P.O. Box 5800, Mail Stop 1415, Albuqueque, NM 87185-1415, USA... 

A.T MANY ACADEMIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES, Surface... 

Ricin also is inactivated by a 30 min exposure to concentrations of NaOCl ranging from 0.1% to 2.5%, or by a mixture of 0.25% NaOCl plus 0.25 N NaOH (Wannemacher et al., 1989). In general, solutions of 1.0% NaOCl are effective for decontamination of ricin from laboratory surfaces, equipment, animal cages, or small spills (Wannemacher et al., 1989 NIOSH, 2003 Wannemacher et al., 1993 Burrows and Renner, 1999). 

Considerable interest has been shown recently in genetically transformed root cultures for the production of secondary metabolites. In order to develop hairy root cultures in the laboratory, surface-sterilized plant tissue is inoculated with a suspension of A. rhizogenes and, after a period of incubation (generally between 1-6 weeks) at 24-28°C, transformed roots emerge at the infection sites. After elimination of the excess bacteria, the excised roots are incubated in liquid culture medium. The genetically transformed roots grow faster than do untransformed roots, they are highly branched and they can be cultivated in hormone-free... 

Intact soil cores with little or no detectable soil compaction can be obtained by a PVC, acrylic, or aluminum cylinder (15 cm diameter) with sharpened lower edge that can be twisted through fibrous marsh soils to a depth of 60 cm. The top of the cylinder is sealed with a PVC cap or a stopper to provide suction, and the bottom of the cylinder after soil is extracted from soil is sealed with a rubber stopper. Soil cores can then be sectioned into desired depth increments, either in the field or in the laboratory. Surface detritus (distinguishable plant litter) is removed from the soil and saved for chemical analysis. Typically, soil cores are sectioned into 0-10,10-30, and 30-60 cm for routine characterization. Selecting soil depth increments should be based on site-specific conditions and soil profile characteristics. For routine monitoring of soil properties, typical root zone depth (0-10 and 10-30 cm) may be adequate to characterize the system. 

Values are averages of seven batches of Aptek Laboratories surface-mount epoxy adhesive DIS-A-PASTE 2311 PMF. Source Aptek Labs. Inc.)... 

One of the subgroups of specimens is stored in a flat laboratory surface at 20°C 5°C. This subgroup is designated as the dry subgroup of specimens. 

Mature leaves from several plants were removed and returned to the laboratory, surface sterilized, cut into strips (13 X 70 mm) and placed in culture vessels on filter peper in such a way that the strips were perpendicular to incident irradiance. Ihe bottom 10 mm of the strips was immersed in a < 20 media throuc iout the stuc period. 

Gareers involving surface science can be found in industry (such as at an automobile company), in academia, and in government laboratories. Surface and interface science is critical in materials science and engineering and is likely to play a major role in the... 

The facility consists of two distinct areas. The office and laboratory area is a "B" rated occupancy containing offices, conference rooms, and laboratories. The laboratories are designed specifically for the type of research that is being supported— biological laboratories (BSL-1 and BSL-2- -), deposition/epitaxy laboratories, laser/nanophotonics laboratories, surface-analysis laboratories, electron-microscopy laboratories, etc. 

Because microorganisms are airborne, laboratory surfaces should be sterilized prior to beginning work. To do this, there are many aerosol disinfectants available that are simply sprayed onto the area and wiped away. Some laboratories rely on solutions of chlorine (bleach) to assist in maintaining a sterile environment. Although ultraviolet light can be used as a surface sterilant, most laboratories rely on wiping down the area with a liquid disinfectant (Table 13.3). Several disinfectants that find application in the winery (Chapter 9) can also be used in a laboratory such as iodine or QUATS. Other laboratory disinfectants are the phenol-based formulations like o-phenylphenol (Lysol ) and hexachlorophene (PhisoHex ). 

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