Disinfectants, liquid

Desinfektion,/. disinfection, Desinfektlons-mittel, n. disinfectant. wass r, n. disinfecting liquid. 

In the last meeting of the STG in June 1999 the ratio between microorganisms and disinfection liquid was discussed and the suggestion was to use 15 ml/m2. 

Numerous other types of cell have been devised, and several of these have a much greater efficiency than the Hermite cell—e.g. K. Kellner s,2 Schuckert and Co. s, ML Haas and E. Oettel s, and P. Schoop s systems. The electrolytic production of chlorine and caustic soda, of bleaching liquors, and of disinfecting liquid—e.g. the so-called Dakin s solution—are growing industries. 

Some bromine compounds are covered specifically under Hazardous Materials Regulations. Other compounds may usually be shipped under the classification of chemicals, not otherwise indexed by name, without special requirements unless from their nature they would fall under a category such as combustible liquid, compressed gas, corrosive liquid (or solid), disinfectant liquid (or solid), dmg, dye intermediate (liquid), fire extinguisher, flammable gas (liquid or solid), insecticide, medicine, oxidizer or oxidizing material, poisonous liquid (gas or solid), solvent, or tear gas. Specific provisions apply to each of these categories and appropriate packaging and labeling are required. 

Hydroxypropionic acid lactone NSC-21626 Oxetanone Oxetan-2-one 2-Oxetanone Propanlllde Propanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-, p-lactone Propanolide 3-Propanolide P-Propanoic acid lactone p-Propiolactone p-propiolakton p-Propiono-lactone, p-Proprolactone 1,3-Propiolactone 3-Propio-lactone Propiolactona Propiolactone Propiolactone, p- Propiolactonum Propiolattone Propionic acid, 3-hydroxy-, p-lactone Propionolactone. Chemical inter-mediate used as a disinfectant. Liquid mp = -34.4" bp = 162° (dec) df = 1.1460 soluble in H2O (35 g/100 ml) LCso (rat ihl) = 25 ppm/6H. O Neal Jones Feldman Pharm. 

Disinfectant, liquid, corrosive, n.o.s., see Drugs and Medicines, p.61 Disinfectant, liquid, toxic, n.o.s., see Drugs and Medicines, p.61... 

Public Health Notification from FDA, CDC, EPA, and OSHA Avoiding Hazards with Using Cleaners and Disinfectants on Electronic Medical Equipment (October 31, 2007) describes problems such as equipment fire and malfunction and healthcare worker burns resulting from inappropriate use of cleaning and disinfecting liquids on electronic medical equipment. 

CALCIUM, metal and alloys pyrophoric 1903 60 DISINFECTANT, liquid, corrosive, n.o.s. 

Physical condition. The physical condition of distribution system pipes influences their tendency to foster biological regrowth. Distribution pipes that have tuber-cules or other surface irregularities commonly harbor microbial encrustations. Certain pipe materials and conditions can lead to a heavy accumulation of bacteria on their walls, a so-called biofilm. By attaching to the surface, microorganisms can be protected from washout and can exploit larger nutrient resources either accumulated at the surface or in the passing water. Moreover, attached bacteria appear to be less affected by disinfectants than those suspended in the disinfected liquid. 

The aqueous solution of sodium chlorate(I) is an important liquid bleach and disinfectant. It is produced commercially by the electrolysis of cold aqueous sodium chloride, the anode and cathode products being mixed. The sodium chloride remaining in the solution does not usually matter. There is evidence to suggest that iodic(I) acid has some basic character... 

If the third substance dissolves in both liquids (and the solubility in each of the liquids is of the same order), the mutual solubility of the liquids will be increased and an upper C.S.T. will be lowered, as is the case when succinic acid or sodium oleate is added to the phenol - water system. A 0 083 molar solution of sodium oleate lowers the C.S.T. by 56 -7° this large effect has been applied industrially in the preparation of the disinfectant sold under the name of Lysol. Mixtures of tar acids (phenol cresols) do not mix completely with water at the ordinary temperature, but the addition of a small amount of soap ( = sodium oleate) lowers the miscibility temperature so that Lysol exists as a clear liquid at the ordinary temperature. 

Liquid sterilants are known to corrode the metal parts of articles and instmments that are to be sterilized, although articles composed exclusively of glass or certain type of corrosion-resistant metal alloys can be safely processed. Because the degree of corrosion is related to length of exposure, many articles are merely disinfected in a shorter exposure time. Disinfection may be suitable for certain appHcations. The safety of using Hquid sterilants must be judged by a qualified microbiologist. 

Sanitizers. Spa and hot-tub sanitation is dominated by chlorine- and bromine-based disinfectants. Public spas and tubs usually employ automatic feeders, eg, CI2 gas feeders, to maintain a disinfectant residual. Private or residential spas and tubs can use automatic chemical feeding or generating devices, or they can be sanitized manually with granular or liquid products. The most widely used products for private spa and tub sanitation are sodium dichloroisocyanurate and bromochlorodimethylhydantoin. Granular products are normally added before and after use, whereas solids, eg, stick-bromine, are placed in skimmers or feeders. Bromine generating systems can also be used and are based on oxidation of bromide ions (added to the water as sodium bromide) by peroxymonosulfate, chloroisocyanurates, hypochlorites, or ozone to generate the disinfectant HOBr. 

Substantial quantities of UPVC are also used for blow moulded containers for such diverse materials as consumable liquids such as fruit squashes, liquids for household use such as detergents and disinfectants, cosmetics and toiletries, and pharmaceuticals. For most of these applications UPVC is in competition with at least one other polymer, particularly poly(ethylene) terephthalate (Chapter 25), polyethylene (Chapter 10), polypropylene (Chapter 11) and, to a small extent, the nitrile resins (Chapter 15). The net result is that in recent years there has been some replacement of PPVC in these areas, in part because of problems of waste disposal. 

A useful property of liquids is their ability to dissolve gases, other liquids and solids. The solutions produced may be end-products, e.g. carbonated drinks, paints, disinfectants or the process itself may serve a useful function, e.g. pickling of metals, removal of pollutant gas from air by absorption (Chapter 17), leaching of a constituent from bulk solid. Clearly a solution s properties can differ significantly from the individual constituents. Solvents are covalent compounds in which molecules are much closer together than in a gas and the intermolecular forces are therefore relatively strong. When the molecules of a covalent solute are physically and chemically similar to those of a liquid solvent the intermolecular forces of each are the same and the solute and solvent will usually mix readily with each other. The quantity of solute in solvent is often expressed as a concentration, e.g. in grams/litre. 

Initially a molten tube of plastic called the Parison is extruded through an annular die. A mould then closes round the parison and a jet of gas inflates it to take up the shape of the mould. This is illustrated in Fig. 4.21(a). Although this process is principally used for the production of bottles (for washing-up liquid, disinfectant, soft drinks, etc.) it is not restricted to small hollow articles. Domestic cold water storage tanks, large storage drums and 2(X)... 

NafXll — 2500(X) tpa (on a dry basis) u.sed mainly for household liquid bleach, laundries, disinfection of swimming pools, municipal water supplies and sewage, and the industrial manufacture of N2H4 and organic chemicals. 

Sodium a-sulfomethylmyristate is the major component of a clear, antiseptic, liquid cleanser especially for use on the skin. A disinfectant such as fluoro-phene, bithionol, p-chloro-m-xylenol, or hexachlorophene is added, and also a high-quality animal, vegetable, mineral, or synthetic oil and an alkyl ether of polyethylene glycol [87]. 

Because hypochlorites oxidize organic material, they are used in liquid household bleaches and as disinfectants. Their action as oxidizing agents stems partly from the decomposition of hypochlorous acid in solution ... 

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