Labor-intensive

There are difficulties of detecting defects in axial canal because of solid sediment layer of 1. 2 mm thick on the canal surface. When using known defectoscope devices a preliminary labor-intensive mechanical treatment of the axial canal surface is needed. The experience of application of different methods of rotor axial canal control in multifunction automatic device ROTOR - K has pointed to the fact that the most effective method is eddy current one [1]. All the dangerous cracks were just detected by the eddy current method, the part of the cracks were not... 

The laser-based gun tube inspection systems are intended to augment and, perhaps eventually, replace the labor-intensive, time consuming and subjective visual inspection methods that are currently employed by these facilities. 

This method is a little labor-intensive because it involves a lot of distilling, but it is so easy to do and the results are absolutely predictable The production of MD-P2P or P2P using this method has been previously described [8,9] except that Strike is going to describe the little things. You know, those little bullshit things that never seem to work their way into official accounts but always cause a lot of stress to the novice chemist. 

Volatilization gravimetric methods are time- and labor-intensive. Equipment needs are few except when combustion gases must be trapped or for a thermogravi-metric analysis, which requires specialized equipment. 

Software programs are usually written in a more user-friendly high-level language such as Fortran, Pascal, or C, which facilitates the tedious and labor-intensive task of writing a computer program. 

The abrasive industry is highly competitive and many small companies worldwide successfully compete by specializing in a particular segment of the business, eg, disk wheels, mounted points, and mbber wheels. Costs in the fused abrasive industry are primarily in materials and electric power. Thus manufacturers seek out plant sites having the lowest power costs. Costs for coated abrasive manufacturers are capital and labor intensive and they seek out sources of low cost labor. 

Mechanical Pressing. Historically, the first large commercial production of oils from seeds and nuts was carried out using labor-intensive hydraulic presses. These were gradually replaced by more efficient mechanical and screw presses. Solvent extraction was developed for extraction of seeds having low oil content. For seeds and nuts having higher oil content, a combination of a screw press followed by solvent extraction is a common commercial practice (prepress—solvent extraction). 

A rack and frame press uses heavy nylon cloth positioned in a wooden frame inside a rack. A measured amount of apple or other fmit mash is added from a hopper above the frame. The mash is leveled with a hand trowel and the edges of the nylon cloth are folded over the mash to encase it and create a cheese. The frame is removed, and a second rack is placed on top of the first cheese the process is repeated until a stack of cheeses is prepared. A hydrauhc ram then appHes gradually increa sing pressure on the stack and expresses the juice. A high yield of juice (80%) is obtained and no press aid is required. Because this process is labor intensive (17), it is mostly used for small farm and pilot-plant operations. 

Sources ndProcessing. Harvesting or collection of red seaweed is carried out by hand and is labor intensive. In some areas of the world this is accomphshed by divers. In other places the seaweed can be collected at low tide by wading or from small boats. After collection, the seaweed is dried and bleached in the sun prior to baling. 

However, rotary furnaces tend to produce more exhaust gas and fumes, require more skill fill manipulation, and are more labor intensive. Also, the slags produced in the rotary furnaces, soda or fayaUte [13918-37-1] slags, normally do not pass the toxic characteristic leach procedure (TCLP) test and pose a disposal problem. 

When drying catde hides in tropical arid climates, the hides are scraped clean of desh, then stretched on racks, and dried slowly in the shade. An apphcation of an insecticide may be used. This method is slow, labor intensive, and unreHable for heavy hides. The system is only used in mral tropical areas and is not appHcable to modem commercial catde hide production (3). 

The main disadvantage of producing EMD in the form of a soHd deposit on the anode is that the process must be intermpted to remove the anodes from the cells. Stripping the Mn02 is a labor-intensive operation. A number of continuous processes have been devised to generate the Mn02 as a precipitate that collects at the bottom of the cell where it can be removed without intermption of the electrolysis (86—89). 

Zinc arc spraying is an inexpensive process in terms of equipment and raw materials. Only 55—110 g/m is required for a standard 0.05—0.10 mm Zn thickness. It is more labor intensive, however. Grit blasting is a slow process, at a rate of 4.5 m /h. AppHcation of an adhesive paint layer is much quicker, 24 m /h, although the painted part must be baked or allowed to air dry. Arc sprayed 2inc is appHed at a rate of 9—36 m /h to maintain the plastic temperature below 65°C. The actual price of the product depends on part complexity, number of parts, and part size. A typical price in 1994 was in the range of 10—32/m. ... 

Plants need to be mn by people and the avaHabiUty of employees can constitute the overriding consideration in certain businesses, in relation to siting. Labor-intensive businesses have to either move to a location where labor is available or move their employees to the new plant site, which can be cosdy both from the standpoint of the physical move and also with regard to the additional expense of relocating a family from one place to whoUy new surroundings. Older and less flexible work forces often choose to accept eady retirement, quit, or not to relocate. 

There are four key advantages to handling separated materials (/) separated materials systems are far less labor-intensive than other collection schemes (as mentioned eadier, labor costs are the largest component of most recovery facihties operating expenses) (2) the equipment needed to handle separated material is relatively simple and inexpensive (J) source separation is often the only method of resource recovery suitable for small communities ... 

The initial step in the recycle of metals is the physical segregation of the metals from other materials. Eor new scrap this process is straightforward for old scrap it can be expensive. This classification and segregation of scrap is of importance to the producers of the metals from secondary materials. Historically, much of the classification has rehed on hand sorting which can be rehable, but it is labor intensive. The recycling of automotive scrap is illustrative of the... 

Cast and Hand-Molded Refractories. Large shapes such as burner blocks and flux blocks, and intricate shapes such as glass feeder parts saggers are produced by casting sHps, hydraulic cement bonded mixtures, or hand-molding clay or chemically bonded materials. Because these techniques are labor intensive, they are reserved for articles that caimot be satisfactorily formed in any other way, owing to complexity or small production quantities. 

In the gum rosin process, pine trees are wounded to stimulate the flow of gum. V-shaped slashes are cut through the bark, and the exudate is collected in a bucket below the slash. Production is stimulated by painting sulfuric acid on the slashes. The oleoresin (exudate) is separated by distillation into gum spidts of turpentine and gum rosin. The gum turpentine industry has decreased in importance in the 1990s because it is labor-intensive. The process is carried out in Russia, the People s Repubflc of China, Indonesia, Portugal, Brazil, and Mexico. 

There is considerable scholarly speculation on ancient precursors of copyright. However, no significant copyright protection existed in theory or practice until the development of the printing press, a means of mass dupHcation of creative work. The law did not need a coherent protective stmcture for written and graphic works when the only means of copying them, by hand, was so labor-intensive as to requite an investment potentially far in excess of the worth of the copy. 

A significant problem area for initial SCR systems has been the continuous emission monitoring (CEM) systems. In power plants, all sites equipped with CEM systems report the highest failure frequency. The CEM systems are the most labor intensive component, requiring as much as hill-time attention from one technician. At one power plant CEM systems were responsible for 100% of 73 reported SCR system shutdowns (38). As CEM systems improve, these concerns may disappear. 

Labor intensive variability in observer perception suitable targets for visual range not generally available... 

Particle bounce, wall losses labor intensive... 

Probably the most difficult, yet at the same time, most important aspect of the TEM technique is the preparation of high-quality thin foils for observation. This is an old, ever-expanding, complicated, and intricate field of both science and art. There is no simple way to treat this subject briefly. We will merely mention its importance and list some references for further details. It is important to realize (managers, take notice) that the most labor intensive aspect of TEM is the preparation of a useful sample. 

Such data can provide a calibration curve and allow the constants (E) and F ) in equation (20) to be determined. The value of the molecular weight of an unknown solute can then be obtained from its (H) value by reading the value directly from the curve or by calculation using the predetermined constants (E) and (F ) in equation (20). It should be pointed out that an error of up to 30% may not appear to be very useful but, in fact, such precision can be extremely valuable in the preliminary examination of many biochemical substances where only very small quantities of material are available. It is also an ideal method for molecular weight determination before more accurate, labor-intensive and time-consuming methods are considered. 

Manufacturing properties such as tack and out-time are important to the cost-effective manufacture of bonded hardware. The tack of an adhesive, or its propensity to stick to itself or other materials, can have a large effect on the cost of bonding. Layup of bonded assemblies is a labor-intensive task full of intricate... 

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