Juniperus

Off-Shoot-O. The methyl esters of the Cg—C 2 fatty acids (40) are collectively sold under the name Off-Shoot-O and are closely related to 1-decanol, the fatty alcohol sold to control axillary shoots in tobacco. The material is a contact-type chemical used to pinch ornamental plants such as a2aleas, cotoneaster, juniper Juniperus sp. privet, rhamnus, and taxus (Taxus sp. sp.). As a result of treatment the shmbs become bushier. The mode of action is by plasmolysis of the young, sensitive tissues. Therefore, appHcation timing may be critical. 

Juniper Oil. The best juniper oil [8012-91 -7] is obtained from the steam distillation of the ripe cmshed, dried berries of Juniperus communis L., a shmb which grows wild in many regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. However, most commercial juniperberry oil comes from the fermented fmits as a by-product of flavors for alcohoHc beverages such as gin, brandy, Hquors, cordials, and sloe-gin. This represents the actual commercial juniperberry oil, since very Httle tme juniperberry oil is produced. A comparison of the headspace volatiles of ripe juniperberries (85) with an authentic, freshly prepared juniperberry oil (86) is shown in Table 42. 

Ced rwood. Many varieties of cedarwood oil are obtained from different parts of the world. They are produced mainly by steam distillation of chipped heartwood, but some are also produced by solvent extraction. The oils, which vary significantly ia chemical composition, are used ia perfumes as such, but the main uses are as distillation fractions and chemical derivatives. For the latter purposes the most used oils, which are similar ia composition, are from Texas ia the United States (Juniperus mexicand) and from China Cupressusfunebris). The principal constituents of these oils are cedrene [11028-42-5] (4), thujopsene [470-40-6] (5), and cedrol [77-53-2] (6). The first two of these are obtained together by distillation and used mostiy ia the form of acetylated derivatives. Cedrol is used as such and, to a greater extent, as its acetate ester. 

Cedrol, Cj H gO, is a true sesquiterpene alcohol occurring in cedar-wood oil (Juniperus virgtniana) and several allied essential oils. 

Kaddig. Kaddlch, m. cade (Juniperus oxyee-drus). 

Sabinic acid Juniperus sabina Mimosine Leucen glauca... 

Juniperus (Cupressaceae), and a Comment on Marshallia graminiifolia (Asteraceae)... 

Adams, R.P. 1986. Geographic yariationm Juniperus silicicola and J. virginiana of the southeastern United States multivariate analysis of morphology and terpenoids. Taxon 35 61-75. 

Intraspedfic chemical variabdity of the leaf essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata from Corsica. Biochem. Syst Ecol. 29 179-188. 

The plants that exude diterpenoid resins belong to the order of conifers. Pine resins (from the Firms genus), Strasburg turpentine (from the Abies genus), Venice turpentine (from Larix decidua) were extracted from Pinaceae. Sandarac, juniper and cypress resins were extracted from trees of the Cupressaceae family Tetraclinis articulata, Juniperus spp. and Cupressus semprevirens, respectively. Moreover, labdanum resin from the Cistaceae family (Cistus spp.) also belongs to the diterpenoid resins. 

Phyletic links of apparent endemic species of the central Ebro valley with easternmost species were revealed after studying the insect communities at the Monegros region. These have a pre-Pleistocene origin of their relict distributions, associated with the persistence of steppe habitats over gypsiferous soils in the area since the Late Tertiary. Distributions of phytophages and their parasitoids on plants such as Krascheninnikovia ceratoides or Juniperus thurifera supported the continuity of their presence in the central Ebro valley through the Quaternary [14]. 

Engle, D.M., J.F. Stritzke, and P.L. Claypool. 1988. Effect of paraquat plus prescribed burning on eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana). Weed Technol. 2 172-174. 

Major pollen allergen Juniperus ashei 1PXZ 1.7 etal. (1997) Czerwinski... 

Czerwinski, E. W., Midoro-Horiuti, T., White, M. A., Brooks, E. G., and Goldblum, R. M. (2005). Crystal structure of Jun a 1, the major cedar pollen allergen from Juniperus ashei, reveals a parallel beta-helical core./ Biol. Chem. 280, 3740-3746. 

In another study carried out by Biers et al (1994), the residual contents of intact Corinthian plastic vases of the 7-6th Centuries BC were analysed nondestructive by pouring solvent into the vessels and decanting. A large number of mono-, sesqui- and diterpenoids were identified in the solvent washes. The diterpenoid, manoyl oxide [Structure 7.15] was identified in 16 vases. This molecule is found in the bark of Pinus and Abies spp. and in the essential oils of the Cupressaceae family including Juniperus oxycedrus. 

Since DNA damaging activity resnlts didn t give almost no hit except a few extracts Ajuga and Juniperus) (Table 6.4) we directed onr bioactivity assay to ovarian cytotoxic activity search. 

Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., James, L.F. and Stegelmeier, B.L. (1998). Abortifacient effects of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and common juniper (Juniperus communis) on cattle. Vet. Human Toxicol., 40, 260-263. 

Juniper (Juniperus) bluebirds, catbirds, purple finches, mockingbirds, thrushes, waxwings. 

The furoditropolone, utahin (162), was discovered as a constituent of Juniperus utahensis (68CC233 83CL1371). The heartwoods of certain Coni-ferae owe their resistance to wood-destroying fungi largely to the presence of tropolones. 

Mule deer, Odocoikus hmionus hemionus, prefer juniper (Juniperus spp.) that contains lower amounts of volatile oils (i.e. oxygenated monoterpenes). Of three species tested, alligator juniper (J. deppeana) had the lowest level of volatile oils and was preferred, while Utah juniper (j. osteosperma) and Rocky Mountain juniper (J. scopulorum) ranked higher in volatile oil content and lower in preference by deer (Schwartz etal, 1980). 

Mule deer Odocoileus Jumper Juniperus sp. Oxygenated monoterpenes... 

Stephens Woodrat (Neotema Stephens Rodentia) / Juniper (Juniperus catmunis Cupressaceae [P]). (20)... 

Neuromuscular blocking activity. Decoction of the seed oil, administered orally to adults of both sexes at a dose of 4.6 g/per-son, was active. A mixture of Piper longum, Zingiber officinale, Piper cubeba, Curcuma zedoaria, Juniperus communis, Cichorium intybus, Mentha arvensis. Commiphora mukul, and Sesamum indicum was given. Twenty five patients with laquwa (spastic facial paralysis) were treated with this mixture in divided doses of 4.6 g in 24 hours. Six grams of a decoction of Lavendula stoechas was also given in some cases. Sev-... 

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