Japonica rice

Hoa, T.T.C. et ah. Golden Indica and Japonica rice lines amenable to deregulation. Plant Physiol. 133, 161, 2003. 

Mutations of SSIIa have been observed in wheat and rice.208 In wheat, each of the three wheat genomes were mutated to entirely eliminate expression of the SSIIa gene product, Sgp-1 protein in one line 209 the result was reduced starch amounts and an altered starch structure. In rice, two classes of starch have been found. In Indica rices, the starch is of the long chain variety, while in Japonica, it is of the short chain variety.208 Genetic analysis showed that the mutation in Japonica rice led to a loss of starch synthase II.209 Thus, in higher plants, it seems that loss of SSII activity in dicots and SSIIa activity in monocots have the same results with respect to reduced starch content, due to a lowered amount of amylopectin and altered amylopectin chain size distribution. Thus, these genes may have the same function in starch biosynthesis. 

Nishizawa Y, Nishio Z, Nakazono K et al (1999) Enhanced resistance to blast (Magnaporthe grisea) in transgenic Japonica rice by constitutive expression of rice chitinase. Theor Appl Genet 99 383-390... 

Metabolism studies conducted on 6 showed that 0-dealkylation of one heterocycle methoxy group was occurring in rice (Fig. 2.4.3) [47]. A comparison of metabolic degradation rates and activity on indica rice, japonica rice and bamyardgrass for 6 indicates that degradation rates explain the major differences observed in activity (Table 2.4.6). Other factors, such as site of uptake and transport, which are modulated by plant structure and metabolism, may contribute to additional rice selectivity observed for penoxsulam. 

Tan F-J, Dai W-T, Hsu K-C. 2009. Changes in gelatinization and rheological characteristics of japonica rice starch induced by pressure/heat combinations. J Cereal Sci 49 285-289. 

Recently, Oryza sativa L. japonica cv. Dongjin cell cultures were used to produce an antibody against the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG 72). TAG 72 is commonly expressed in human adenocarcinoma cells. Recombinant antibody purified from transgenic rice cells was shown to bind human LS 174T colon adenocarcinoma cells expressing TAG 72. This proved the ability of rice cells to produce a functional foreign protein. 

Rice is one of the oldest food crops. Currently, it does not seem possible to determine the place of domestication, but it probably occurred in India or China. Its cultivation in India, Indochina, China, Indonesia, and East Africa is prehistoric. It is now distributed throughout the tropics and warm parts of temperate regions of the world. The temperate zone varieties were named japonica, and the tropical zone varieties indica. 

Nagata, K., Kudo, N., Abe, K., Arai, S., and Tanokura, M. 2000. Three-dimensional solution structure of oryzacystatin-I, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor of the rice, Oryza sativa L. japonica. Biochemistry 39 14753-14760. 

The iodine affinities, blue values, max, beta-amylolysis limits and branch chain length distributions are similar for the starch samples harvested at different stages (7 to 30 days DAF) of development of waxy rice grains,331 japonica rice328 and indica rice.332 The gelatinization temperature of maize starch increases from 12 to 24 DAF, but is reduced at 36 DAF.333... 

Property Corn Wheat Potato Rice (Indica) Rice (Japonica)... 

Africa. Asian cultivated rice evolved into three eco-geographical types, Indica, Japonica, and Javanica. It is estimated that about 120,000 distinct rice varieties exist in the world, which differ from one another in terms of growth duration, endosperm traits, level of tolerance to coldness, or other abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salinity, and submergence), as well as resistance to diseases and pests. In some countries, varieties are classified also according to the season in which they grow [1]. 

This high level production of a-amylase by callus is not restricted to the M202 variety, since we observe similar expression in three other rice varieties, there is a report of expression in a cell suspension culture of a japonica variety (Akazawa, T, Nagoya University, personal communication, 1987), and Saka and Maeda (32) also report expression in callus homogenates of several other varieties. Since many rice varieties, as well as ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), all secrete high levels of a-amylase, the callus production of a-amylase appears to be a general phenomenon of rice callus and perhaps other cereal callus. 

Goff SA, Ricke D, Lan T-H, Presting G, Wang R, Dunn M, Glazebrook J, Sessions A, OeUer P, Varma H,. et al. A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza saliva L.ssp. japonica). Science 2002 296 92-100. 

Fatty Acid Composition The fatty acid content of RBO is mainly palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid (Table 24). The low linolenic acid content of RBO makes it stable to oxidation. Several studies reported variations in fatty acid composition of RBO (90, 95-96). Goffman et al. (90) studied the fatty acid composition of 204 rice varieties. Genotype and environment significantly affected stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids but not palmitic acid content of the RBO. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated acid ratio (S/U) was correlated to the palmitic acid content of the oil. Japonica lines had low palmitic acid content and S/U ratio, whereas Indica lines were characterized by high palmitic acid content and high S/U ratio (90). 

Extracts of the roots of Iris japonica (Iridaceae) showed strong activity towards the rice white-tip nematode, A. besseyi, and this activity was shown to reside in the acidic portion of the extract [69]. The active prin-... 

The pH optimum for hydrolysis by the major acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) associated with the aleurone particle of rice grains Oryza sativa Japonica cv. Koshihikari) was 4.8 (Yamagata et al., 1980). The values were respectively 1.74 mM for para-nitrophenyl phosphate and 5.26 mM for adenosine triphosphate. They decreased slightly with an increase in the number of phosphate groups of various inositol phosphates, being 0.43 and 11.76 mM for myoinositol hexakisphosphate and myo-inositol monophosphate, respectively. In addition, the 17 values for myo-inositol bis- and tri-sphosphate were high (564-611 pmol phos-phate/min/mg protein). 

Bhatnagar, S, Adey, N, Rubano, T, Tusneem, N, Robinson, R, Feldhaus, J, Macalma, T, Oliphant, A, Briggs, S, A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica). Science 296, 92-100 (2002). 

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