Wheat, genome

Watson, James D. 84, 200 Watson-Crick base pair 207, 208, 231 Waxes 382,382s WD repeat 67 Wheat, genome 12 Whooping cough 548 Wilkins, Maurice F. 200 Wilson s disease 883... 

Mutations of SSIIa have been observed in wheat and rice.208 In wheat, each of the three wheat genomes were mutated to entirely eliminate expression of the SSIIa gene product, Sgp-1 protein in one line 209 the result was reduced starch amounts and an altered starch structure. In rice, two classes of starch have been found. In Indica rices, the starch is of the long chain variety, while in Japonica, it is of the short chain variety.208 Genetic analysis showed that the mutation in Japonica rice led to a loss of starch synthase II.209 Thus, in higher plants, it seems that loss of SSII activity in dicots and SSIIa activity in monocots have the same results with respect to reduced starch content, due to a lowered amount of amylopectin and altered amylopectin chain size distribution. Thus, these genes may have the same function in starch biosynthesis. 

In vitro expression of pLHCP A wheat genomic clone encoding pLHCP (4) was used to direct an in vitro transcription/translation system (via SP6 RNA polymerase and reticulocyte translation lysates) to synthesize radiolabelled pLHCP. 

The foregoing data indicate the presence of a significant number of staturedetermining loci in the wheat genome. Only a minority exhibit GA-insensitivity characteristics and may, therefore, be presumed to relate to hormonal response. 

Recently it has been demonstrated that the incorporation of individual chromosomes of rye into the wheat genome influences the phenotypic expression of wheat malate dehydrogenase, possibly through a modificatory effect of gene regulators (Flavell and McPherson, 1972). 

Shah, S.P., Gorham, J., Forster, B.P. Wyn Jones, R.G. (1987). Salt tolerance in the Triticeae the contribution of the D genome to cation selectivity in hexaploid wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 37, 254-69. 

Endo, Y. and Sawasaki, T. (2004) High-throughput, genome-scale protein production method based on the wheat germ cell-free expression system. J. Struct. Funct. Genomics 5(1-2), 45-57. 

Advances in Genome-Wide Protein Expression Using the Wheat Germ Cell-Free System... 

The CFCF described by Spirin (30) is efficient for protein production using the efficient wheat germ cell-free system, as shown in the previous section. However, this system may not be suitable for massive screening of cDNA libraries for structural genomics and production of gene products. Because the CFCF apparatus is equipped with a semipermeable membrane in the reaction chamber, the system is quite complicated to manipulate. The delicate nature of the membrane can pose problems for automating the translation process. Also,... 

Dubcovsky, J., and Dvorak, J., 2007. Genome plasticity a key factor in the success of polyploidy wheat under domestication. Science 316 1862. 

The most common wheat species used in food production is ordinary wheat, also called bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). It is an allohexaploid (AABBDD), in which the genomes were obtained by spontaneous hybridization of T. turgidum (AABB) and Aegilops tauschii (DD) about 10,000 years ago (Vasil, 2007). Other grown wheat species are tetraploidal durum wheat T. durum, used in pasta production and small amounts of hexaploidal spelt T. spelta and tetraploidal T. polonicum (Curtis et al. 2002). 

---