Iodine-Silver nitrate

Caffeine Xanthine derivatives Purines Purines, pyrimidines Purines Chloraminc-T Iron (111) chloride followed by iodine Silver nitrate followed by sodium dichromate Fluorescein Silver nitrate followed by bromophenol blue... 

Iodine-copper(II) acetate, 267 Iodine-mercury(II) oxide, 267-268 Iodine monochloride, 268-269 Iodine-silver carboxylates, 268 Iodine-silver nitrate, 268 lodoamination, 265-266 Iodocarbamation, 264-265 Iodocarbonates, 263 2 Iodoestradiol, 267 2-Iodoestrone, 267 Iodoiactonization, 263-264 C,-Iodomethylcephalosporins, 273 Iodonium di-svm-collidine perchlorate, 269 19-Iodononadecanic acid, 488 Iodophenylbis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, 269... 

Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride in Pyridine Containing /V-Bromosuecinimide, /V-Iodosuccinimide, Iodine/Silver Nitrate, or Bromine/Silver Nitrate, Followed by Silver(I) Fluoride... 

I he methyl iodide is transferred quantitatively (by means of a stream of a carrier gas such as carbon dioxide) to an absorption vessel where it either reacts with alcoholic silver nitrate solution and is finally estimated gravimetrically as Agl, or it is absorbed in an acetic acid solution containing bromine. In the latter case, iodine monobromide is first formed, further oxidation yielding iodic acid, which on subsequent treatment with acid KI solution liberates iodine which is finally estimated with thiosulphate (c/. p. 501). The advantage of this latter method is that six times the original quantity of iodine is finally liberated. 

Nitrogen and sulphur absent, (i) If only one halogen is present, acidify with dilute nitric acid and add excess of silver nitrate solution. A precipitate indicates the presence of a halogen. Decant the mother liquor and treat the precipitate with dilute aqueous ammonia solution If the precipitate is white and readily soluble in the ammonia solution, chlorine is present if it is pale yellow and difficultly soluble, bromine is present if it is yellow and insoluble, then iodine is indicated. Iodine and bromine should be confirmed by the tests given below. 

C. HIO is prepared by oxidation of iodine with perchloric acid, nitric acid, or hydrogen peroxide or oxidation of iodine in aqueous suspension to iodic acid by silver nitrate. Iodic acid is also formed by anodic oxidation at a platinum electrode of iodine dissolved in hydrochloric acid (113,114). 

Recovery Process. In past years iodine was recovered at Long Beach, California from oil field brine and from natural brines near Shreveport, Louisiana (36,37). The silver process was used. Silver nitrate reacts with sodium iodide to precipitate silver iodide. Added iron forms ferrous iodide and free silver. The ferrous iodide then reacts with chlorine gas to release free iodine. After 1966, the silver process was replaced with the blowing-out process similar to the bromine process. 

Assay of hydrogen cyanide can be done by specific gravity or silver nitrate titration. Sulfur dioxide in hydrogen cyanide can be deterrnined by infrared analysis or by reaction of excess standard iodine solution and titration, using standard sodium thiosulfate or by measurement of total acidity by... 

With iodine in carbon tetrachloride, 4-methylpyrazole affords a deep-red oil for which the structure (266) has been proposed. Nitric acid, silver nitrate and iodine together convert pyrazole into 1,3,4-triiodopyrazole (267 = R" = I, = H). The fV-iodopyrazoles are... 

A -Pyrazolines such as (410) are oxidized by iodine, mercury(II) acetate and trityl chloride to pyrazolium salts (411), and compound (410) even reduces silver nitrate to Ag° (69JOU1480). Electrochemical oxidation of l,3,5-triaryl-2-pyrazolines has been studied in detail (74BSF768, 79CHE115). They Undergo oxidative dimerization and subsequent transformation into the pyrazole derivative (412). 

Complex [(CXI )Ir(/j,-pz)(/i,-SBu )(/j,-Ph2PCH2PPh2)Ir(CO)] reacts with iodine to form 202 (X = I) as the typical iridium(II)-iridium(II) symmetrical species [90ICA(178)179]. The terminal iodide ligands can be readily displaced in reactions with silversalts. Thus, 202 (X = I), upon reaction with silver nitrate, produces 202 (X = ONO2). Complex [(OC)Ir(/i,-pz )(/z-SBu )(/i-Ph2PCH2PPh2)Ir(CO)] reacts with mercury dichloride to form 203, traditionally interpreted as the product of oxidative addition to one iridium atom and simultaneous Lewis acid-base interaction with the other. The rhodium /i-pyrazolato derivative is prepared in a similar way. Unexpectedly, the iridium /z-pyrazolato analog in similar conditions produces mercury(I) chloride and forms the dinuclear complex 204. 

Oxidadve cross-conphng reactions of alkylated derivatives of activated CH compounds, such as malonic esters, acetylacetone, cyanoacetates, and ceitain ketones, v/ithnitroalkanes promoted by silver nitrate or iodine lead to the formation of the nitroalkylated products. This is an alternative way of performing Spj l reactions using cr.-halo-nitroalkanes. 

Procedure. Acidify the iodate solution (lOOmL containing ca 0.3 g of I03) (see Note) with sulphuric acid, and pass in sulphur dioxide (or add a freshly prepared saturated solution of sulphurous acid) until the solution, which at first becomes yellow, on account of the separation of iodine, is again colourless. Boil off the excess of sulphur dioxide, and precipitate the iodide with dilute silver nitrate solution as described in Section 11.64. Weigh as Agl. 

The indicator electrode must be reversible to one or the other of the ions which is being precipitated. Thus in the titration of a potassium iodide solution with standard silver nitrate solution, the electrode must be either a silver electrode or a platinum electrode in the presence of a little iodine (best introduced by adding a little of a freshly prepared alcoholic solution of iodine), i.e. an iodine electrode (reversible to I-). The exercise recommended is the standardisation of silver nitrate solution with pure sodium chloride. 

Cl2, ammonium nitrate on Clayfen, Oxone on wet alumina, silver nitrate and iodine,2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano -1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in acetonitrile... 

The reaction shows a first-order dependence on substrate concentration but, except at very low concentration, is zero-order with respect to oxidant moreover, the zero-order rate coefficient is the same as that observed with oxidations by iodine, cupric chloride and silver nitrate. The reaction is acid-catalysed. The oxidation is completely analogous to the halogenation of ketones and involves a slow tautomeric equilibrium followed by rapid oxidation, viz. 

The silver(I) complexes with the tetrakis(methylthio)tetrathiafulvalene ligand have been reported, the nitrate salt presents a 3D structure with an unprecedented 4.16-net porous inorganic layer of silver nitrate,1160 the triflate salt presents a two interwoven polymeric chain structure.1161 The latter behaves as a semiconductor when doped with iodine. With a similar ligand, 2,5-bis-(5,5,-bis(methylthio)-l,3,-dithiol-2 -ylidene)-l,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene, a 3D supramolecular network is constructed via coordination bonds and S"-S contacts. The iodine-doped compound is highly conductive.1162 (Methylthio)methyl-substituted calix[4]arenes have been used as silver-selective chemically modified field effect transistors and as potential extractants for Ag1.1163,1164... 

Soliman and Belal investigated argentimetric (67,68) and mercurimetric (69) methods. Hydralazine precipitates silver from ammoniacal silver nitrate solution. The silver is dissolved with hot nitric acid and titrated with ammonium thiocyanate solution. Alternatively, mercury is precipitated from alkaline potassium mercuric iodide solution. The precipitated mercury is dissolved by adding excess standard iodine solution. The excess iodine is back-titrated with sodium thiosulfate solution after acidifying with acetic acid. 

Filtering and Drying the Silver Halide.—First heat the precipitate in the beaker on the boiling water bath. Heat silver iodide (and bromide) for two hours, since silver iodide forms with silver nitrate a solid compound which is only gradually decomposed by water. Further, when determining iodine, first reduce with sulphurous acid solution the silver iodate produced during the decomposition. 

As esters the alkyl halides are hydrolysed by alkalis to alcohols and salts of halogen acids. They are converted by nascent hydrogen into hydrocarbons, by ammonia into amines, by alkoxides into ethers, by alkali hydrogen sulphides into mercaptans, by potassium cyanide into nitriles, and by sodium acetate into acetic esters. (Formulate these reactions.) The alkyl halides are practically insoluble in water but are, on the other hand, miscible with organic solvents. As a consequence of the great affinity of iodine for silver, the alkyl iodides are almost instantaneously decomposed by aqueous-alcoholic silver nitrate solution, and so yield silver iodide and alcohol. The important method of Ziesel for the quantitative determination of alkyl groups combined in the form of ethers, depends on this property (cf. p. 80). 

Procedure Pipette 25 ml of a standard 0.1 N AgN03 solution into a glass-stoppered flask (iodine-flask), dilute with 50 ml of DW, add to it 2 ml of nitric acid and 2 ml of ferric ammonium sulphate solution and titrate with ammonium solution to the first appearance of red-brown colour. Each ml of 0.1 N silver nitrate is equivalent to 0.007612 g of NH4SCN. 

Tojo and co-workers reported a one-pot synthesis of alkyl nitrates from alcohols via the alkyl iodide the alcohol is treated with a mixture of iodine, triphenylphosphine and imidazole in diethyl ether-acetonitrile, and the resulting alkyl iodide is reacted in situ with silver nitrate (Equation 3.8). Reported yields for primary alcohols are good to excellent but yields are lower for secondary alcohols. 

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