Preparation alcohols

CH2Br COOH. White crystalline solid, m.p. 50"C, b.p. 208 C. Soluble in water and alcohol. Prepared by the action of dry bromine on dry ethanoic acid in presence of small amounts of red phosphorus. Produces sores upon the skin used in chemical syntheses. See Reformatski reaction. 

CaHjNCO, PhNCO. A pungent lachrymatory almost colourless liquid m.p. — 33 "C, b.p. 162°C. Used as a dehydrating agent and for characterization of alcohols. Prepared from aniline and phosgene in the presence of hydrogen chloride. 

FIGURE 14 2 Aretrosyn thetic analysis of alcohol preparation by way of the addition of a Grignard reagent to an aldehyde or ketone... 

A method that allows for alcohol preparation with formation of new carbon-carbon bonds Primary sec ondary and tertiary alcohols can all be prepared... 

Fatty amines are nitrogen derivatives of fatty acids, olefins, or alcohols prepared from natural sources, fats and oils, or petrochemical raw materials. Commercially available fatty amines consist of either a mixture of carbon chains or a specific chain length from C The amines are classified as... 

Eatty alcohols, prepared from fatty acids or via petrochemical processes, aldol or hydroformylation reactions, or the Ziegler process, react with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine in the presence of a catalyst to form amines (10—12). 

Roughly 65% of the substituents are trifluoroethoxy, and 35% are telomer alcohols prepared from tetrafluoroethylene and methanol. About 0.5 mol % of an aHyhc substituent is used as a cross-link site. The substituent pattern is beUeved to be stricdy statistical. 

The neopentyl alcohol, prepared from the sulfonyl chloride (Pyr, 95% yield), is cleaved nucleophilically under rather severe conditions (Mc4N CP, DMF, 160°, 16 h, 100% yield). ... 

Styrolyl Acetate.—Styrolene alcohol, or phenyl-ethyl glycol, is an alcohol prepared from styrolene dibromide by the action of caustic potash. It can be esterified, and forms an acetic ester of the formula CgHj. CH(OH)CHg. OOC. CHg. It is an ester with a fine flower odour, which has been described as fragrant and dreamy . It is generally stated by those who have used it that it is indispensable in the preparation of fine flower bouquets with a jasmin odour. 

Epoxides from aldehydes, 46, 44 Equatorial alcohols, preparation by use of the lithium aluminum hydride-aluminum chloride reagent, 47, 19... 

Desulfurization of fl, a-epoxy sulfones 239 prepared from allylic sulfones 238 and m-chloroperbenzoic acid with sodium amalgam leads to the formation of allyl alcohols (240) in good yields (equation 144)138. Allyl alcohols prepared by this method are listed in Table 16. 

Not much is known about the mechanism of the Clemmensen reduction. Several mechanisms have been proposed, " including one going through a zinc-carbene intermediate. " One thing reasonably certain is that the corresponding alcohol is not an intermediate, since alcohols prepared in other ways fail to give the reaction. Note that the alcohol is not an intermediate in the Wolff-Kishner reduction either. 

A polyether-alcohol, prepared by co-condensation of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with a polyhydric alcohol, was stored at above 100°C and exposed to air via a vent line. After 10-15 h, violent decomposition occurred, rupturing the vessel. It was subsequently found that exothermic oxidation of the product occurred above 100°C, and that at 300°C a rapid exothermic reaction set in, accompanied by vigorous gas evolution. 

Nitro alcohols prepared by the Henry reaction are important precursors for (3-amino alcohols. The reduction of the nitro group to the amino function is commonly carried out by hydrogenation in the presence of Raney Ni in EtOH or Pd/C in THF and MeOH (see Section 4.2). The conversion into 3-amino alcohols is also described in the Sections 3.2.5 and 3.3. 

Uses Solvent for chlorinated rubber insecticide and bleach manufacturing paint, varnish and rust remover manufacturing degreasing, cleansing, and drying of metals denaturant for ethyl alcohol preparation of 1,1-dichloroethylene extractant and solvent for oils and fats insecticides weed killer fumigant intermediate in the manufacturing of other chlorinated hydrocarbons herbicide. 

Anti-lice alcoholic preparations are considered more effective than aqueous preparations. However, alcoholic preparations are unsuitable for use in children and patients with asthma and eczema. Anti-lice preparations should not be used for prophylaxis because they are ineffective and may encourage the development of resistance. 

Benzoyl peroxide promotes the shedding of keratinised epithelial cells on the skin and is therefore a keratolytic agent. In the treatment of acne it is indicated as a first-line agent in the form of topical preparations. Benzoyl peroxide is mildly irritant, particularly during the early stages of treatment and hence a low strength is chosen to initiate treatment. Moreover aqueous preparations are preferred over alcoholic preparations, to avoid irritation. 

Show how are the following alcohols prepared by the reaction of a suitable Grignard reagent on methanal ... 

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