Near hits

An LTI is a lost time incident, mentioned earlier as an accident which causes one or more days away from work. A non-LTI injury does not result in time away from work. A near hit (often called a near miss) is an incident which causes no injury, but had the potential to do so (e.g. a falling object hitting the ground, but missing personnel). An example of an unsafe act would be a poorly secured ladder, where no incident occurs, but which potentially could have been the cause of an incident. 

We will not comment on why workers fail to report, but continue to believe that documentation of potential problems, unsafe conditions, and especially near misses (or more accurately referred to as near hits ) are important in the prevention of incidents at all types of sites. 

To determine which jobs you should analyze first, review your injury and illness reports such as the OSHA 200 log, your medical case histories, your first-aid cases, and workers compensation claims. First, you should conduct a JHA for jobs with the highest rates of disabling injuries and illnesses. Do not forget jobs in which you have had close calls or near hits. You should give these incidents a high priority. Analyses of new jobs and jobs in which changes have been made in processes and procedures should be the next priority. 

If an incident does occur, you should review the JHA immediately to determine if changes are needed in the job procedure. In addition, if a close call or near hit has resulted from an employee s failure to follow job procedures, you should discuss these incidents with all employees performing the job. 

Near-hit stabilizer A stabilizer placed in the bottomhole assembly just above the bit. 

From the domino theory onward, it has become apparent that there are always less severe precursors to an incident. These can he called near hits, near misses, or close calls. For every incident labeled a near miss, more... 

This chapter describes near misses, discusses their importance, and presents the latest methods for getting near misses reported and investigated. The term near miss has a long history of use, but the terms near hit or close call more closely describe what actually happens. The term near miss is used throughout this book since it is so widely accepted as the term for incidents that are direct precursors to accidents. 

Then he carried on watching as the other woman - yes, the one they d nearly hit on the road - slipped off her robe and let it drop into the water, dissolving behind her like a cloud of milk. The Lord is my shepherd and I shall not want if he lay me down in still pastures with a woman like that, Vorman felt compelled to bastardise the psalm. Seconds later, as though to grant a dying man his wish, the girl cast off her robe too as she was led further out into the lake. 

Co-workers will discuss near hits Co-workers discuss near hits... 

Co-workers should discuss past accidents Near hits should be reported to management... 

A near miss (which is more properly called a near hit) is typically a low severity incident that nevertheless had the potential to be much more severe, and, in many cases, triggered a layer of protection or safeguard. Also, a failure in the PSM system could be regarded as a near miss. For example, if someone has to carry out a task without being provided with procedures or being trained then a near miss simation has occurred. 

The term near miss —which may better be called near hit —describes an incident that did not result in an actual loss but that had the potential to do so. For example, if an object is dropped from a crane but no one is hurt then the incident is a near miss. In terms of fault tree analysis, a near miss is an event in which one or more of the inputs to an AND gate was negative. 

Though these new theoretical values of 7 are clearly different from 5, the differences are only about 10%, indicating that the mean-field theory of Flory nearly hit the target. This means that eq 1.15 is by no means an unreasonable approximation for a discussion of excluded-volume effects in polymer solutions. The problem is whether 2.60 in it is adequate or not. It is also apparent that the various closed approximate equations of third or fourth-power type derived in the 1960s now have lost their significance. 

Wallace, S. J. Catching Near Hits. Professional Safety, November... 

Near-miss incidents are also known as close-call incidents, close shaves, and warnings or near hits. Other terms are close calls, or in the case of moving objects, near collisions. Near-miss incidents have also sometimes been termed near hits. 

Complacency is frequently cited as a cause or a contributing factor to all stripes of work-related fatalities, injuries, recordables and near-hits — everything from bad lifting technique to not wearing PPE to circumventing lockout-tagout. 

Terminology used to describe an event that had the potential to result in an incident, but where no such event occurred. Sometimes is referred to as a Near Accident. These may include events where injury or property damage could have occurred but did not events where a major safety system failed to perform as designed, e.g., fire pump auto start malfunction or events where potential environmental damage could result. The term is actually considered a technical misnomer by some, since the technical accuracy would to refer to such an event as a near hit or near occurrence, i.e., an incident that nearly occurred, rather than an incident that nearly missed. 

Near misses are unplanned events (also sometimes called close calls or near hits ), which did not have severe adverse impacts on health or the environment, but just narrowly missed causing severe injury or damage. Often, these near miss incidents are very scary when reviewed in retrospect but we can learn much from them. Recognizing near misses is important because they could be precursors to future serious incidents. Using the information from an analysis of the near miss can help develop lessons learned, a term that describes how we can derive actions to prevent future incidents. 

Other behavior/activity measures include participation in safety meetings, submission of safety suggestions that are implemented, number of near-hit reports over a period of time, number of JSAs performed or updated, and number of safety corrections made from Work Orders or similar avenues. 

Often the word a ccident is replaced by the term incident, which leads to confusion therefore, this publication will refer to near misses/close calls/near hits as near miss incidents to clearly and definitely remove any confusion concerning terminology. 

Many argue that the event should be called a near hit as this will get managanent s attention quicker than near miss. Both descriptions are true as If it didn t miss, it would have hit. The American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) refers to near miss in their dictionary of technical terms, so this will be the preferred term in this book. 

An outward-opening door nearly hit a worker who jnmped back just in time to avoid a collision with the door. 

Most near miss incidents aren t investigated becanse a loss did not occur. They have often been called near hits, near misses, or near accidents, as they are warnings of potential accidents. 

Incident - an undesired event that does not result in any harm or loss. Incidents are often referred to as near misses some organisations refer more accurately to incidents as near hits . 

E When preparing to turn from a side road onto a main road, you pay too much attention to the traffic on the main road so that you nearly hit the car in front of you. 

Promote the reporting of aU injuries, near hits, and property damage incidents. 

A near miss is the occurrence of an unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness, or damage, but had the potential to do so. Only a fortunate break in the chain of events prevented an injury, fatality, or damage. Related terms are incident, close call, near mishap or near collision. The term is often misunderstood and misused. An event is called a near miss to stress that not only did things go wrong,but that a catastrophe was barely missed. In the airline industry, if two airliners pass within a quarter mile of each other, this is by definition a near miss event. Some individuals feel it is a euphemistic term for a near hit. A near miss could be viewed as the partial actualization of a hazard, resulting in an incident rather than a mishap. It could also be a situation where only part of a hazard occurs for various reasons, such as operator alertness and counteraction, thus preventing a mishap event. For example, a collision avoidance system intended to prevent a collision between two aircraft in the same airspace may have failed without any warning, but an alert pilot saw the situation and took countermeasures to prevent a collision. 

Near miss is used routinely in the workplace to refer to an incident that did not result in an injury Because a literal translation of this term would mean the injury actually occurred, "near hit" is used throughout this text instead of "near miss."... 

This statement does show the connection between behavior and injury, and imphes that a pro-achve approach to injury prevenhon requires attention to behaviors and near hits. However, the number of at-risk behaviors per injury is much larger than 300, as verified empirically by Frank Bird in 1966 and 1969, who also found property damage to be a reliable predictor or leading indicator of personal injury (see Bird and Davies, 1996). 

---