Internal Medicine-Pediatrics

Osteopathic medicine is not merely a combination of traditional Western medicine and osteopathic manipulations. Rather, the principles and philosophy of osteopathic medicine apply not only to manipulative treatment but also to complete health care of the individual. This includes surgery, obstetrics, emergency medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, geriatrics, and any other areas of care traditionally associated with conventional Western medicine. In fact, osteopathic principles and philosophy permeate all aspects of health maintenance and disease prevention and treatment. 

Evidence-Based Medicine. Evidence-Based Medicine [45] consists of summarized abstracts of articles on family medicine, internal medicine, general surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics, gynecology, psychiatry, and anesthesiology with commentary by clinical experts. More than 50 peer-reviewed medical journals are abstracted. Also included are key selections from ACP Journal Club. Evidence-Based Medicine is commercially available however, its distribution is restricted and does not include North, Central, or South America. 

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 12 173-177 Peterson B, Khanna S, Fisher B et al 2000 Prolonged hypernatremia contnols elevated intracranial pressure in head-injured pediatric patients. Critical Care Medicine 28 1136-1143... 

Acute care relates to hospitalized patients. Patient care areas within a hospital include internal medicine, general surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, critical care, cardiac care, pulmonary critical care, psychiatry, oncology, and geriatrics. 

Audience Internal medicine, general and family practice, surgery, psychiatry, pediatrics, and obstetrics and gynecologists... 

Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Head, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Medical College of Georgia,... 

Wan C. Tsai, M.D. Assistant Professor, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. 

Department of Pediatrics Department of Internal Medicine Department of Radiobiology Groningen Utrecht Institute for Drug Exploration Groningen University, Groningen The Netherlands... 

Public Health and associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. Her research interests are in neurotoxicity, metals, pediatric environmental health, and iimovative education in environmental and occupational medicine. Dr. Goldman was a member of two Institute of Medicine Committees on Gulf War and Health, which evaluated potential health effects of exposure to pesticides and Sarin, the National Research Council Committee on Handling and Disposal of Biohazards from the Laboratory, and the National Research Council Committee to Review the 0MB Risk Assessment Bulletin. She received her MD from the Yale University School of Medicine and her MS and MPH from the Harvard School of Public Health. Dr. Goldman is certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine and by the American Board of Preventive Medicine in occupational medicine. 

Despite its claimed benefits, the diffusion of EMR is still in the state of infancy, and only an estimated 20% of United States-based physicians used EMR a few years ago. According to industrial surveys [4,6] in 2002, only 30% of respondents indicated that they had installed some EMR functions in some or all of their departments. The diffusion rate varied, depending on the specialty of practice about 42% of respondents working in an internal medicine setting reported using EMR, while only 8% in a pediatric practice indicated so. 

Mario Ceccarelli, Maria Laura Ciompi, Giampiero Pasero Deptm. of Pediatrics and Deptm. of Internal Medicine University of Pisa, Italy... 

Bariatrics diabetes medicine internal medicine laboratory medicine neuroendocrinology obstetrics and gynecology pediatric endocrinology radiology reproductive endocrinology thyroid medicine. 

Students interested in pediatric gastroenterology must complete their three-year postgraduate residency and take the board exam in pediatrics rather than internal medicine. Students interested in specializing in treating liver problems or gastric cancers undergo additional training with specialists in those areas. 

Dialysis transplantation pediatric nephrology proteomics genetics electrolyte physiology hypertension plasmapheresis mineral metabolism pharmacology internal medicine nephrolithiasis. 

Primary and Specialized Medical Care. Osteopathic doctors practice in many primary care areas, including family practice, internal medicine, obstetrics, gynecology, and pediatric medicine. They are licensed to prescribe pharmaceuticals and can specialize in areas such as surgery. The medical and surgical treatments that osteopathic doctors use on their patients are, for the most part, the same as those that allopathic doctors use. 

Of all osteopathic physicians, more than 45 percent are family doctors, and about 15 percent are specialists in fields such as pediatrics, internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, neurology, and psychiatry. 

In 2000, 6,734 physicians in the United States indicated their primary specialty as pulmonary medicine. Most pulmonologists are internal medicine physicians treating adults, but a smaller number practice as pediatric pulmonologists. 

Internal medicine orthopedics immunology pharmacology pediatrics neurology hematology physical therapy and rehabilitation medicine radiology. 

Rheumatology is a subspecialty of internal medicine and pediatrics. Rheumatologists are medical doctors who treat conditions of the bones, joints, muscles, and connective tissue of the body, but they... 

The rheumatologist must be a graduate of a medical school or a school of osteopathy. To be accepted to medical school, the student must have an undergraduate degree and appropriate course work. After medical school, the doctor must complete a residency at an accredited hospital. In the United States, the first year of the residency is the internship, which provides general medical experience. After the internship, the doctor does a two-year residency in either internal medicine or pediatrics. Then, if the doctor who chooses to become a specialist, a two- to three-year fellowship in that specialty is required. Osteopaths follow a similar pathway to that of medical doctors and must complete a fellowship to qualify as a specialist. 

In addition, the International Conference on Harmonization has issued a guidance document pertinent to pediatric drug development Ell, Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the Pediatric Population (www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/index.htm). 

Hubbard W. International conference on harmonisation Ell Clinical investigation of medicinal products in the pediatric population. Federal Register 2000 65 19777-81. 

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