Internal combustion engine vehicle

Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine. Standard gasoline and diesel-powered internal combustion engine vehicles can be converted to mn on hydrogen. These vehicles have often been found considerably less polluting, safer, and more efficient than their fossil fuel-burning counterparts. 

Almost all the major car, bus, and truck manufacturers have developed compressed natural gas engines and vehicles. These manufacturers have been able to offer better performance (due to higher octane) and far lower emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. In 1998, Honda introduced the cleanest internal combustion engine vehicle ever commercially produced the natural gas Civic GX with emissions at one-tenth the state of California s Ultra Low Emission Vehicle standard. Primarily due to the high octane of natural gas, Honda achieved these results without sacrificing performance. 

Hybrid and clean diesel vehicles may cost more than current internal combustion engine vehicles. But, their greater fuel efficiency means that they may make up that extra up-front cost over the lifetime of the vehicle. This means that hybrids and diesels may have roughly the same annual operating costs as current internal combustion engine vehicles. 

Another problem is cost-effectiveness, hydrogen must be able to compete with alternative strategies including more fuel- efficient internal combustion engine vehicles. The Shell studies estimate that the cost in the U.S. to supply 2% of cars with hydrogen by 2020 is about 20 billion. 

STORMY to develop robust, safe and efficient on-board hydrogen storage systems, suitable for use in hydrogen powered Fuel Cell or Internal Combustion Engine vehicles. 

The competition—more fuel-efficient internal combustion engine vehicles—is getting tougher, so the incremental benefits of using fuel cell vehicles will be smaller than if they were replacing existing vehicles. 

Energy use in transportation is projected to grow to 90-140 EJ in 2025 without new restrictions to address the 61-65 EJ in 1990. Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to be a highly energy-efficient means of transportation compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and their unit energy requirements can be half of those of ICEVs or less. 

Gasoline equivalent price is based on an efficiency gain of 2.2 hydrogen FCVs over current gasohne internal combustion engine vehicles. 

ICEV Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle MBMS Molecular-Beam Mass Spectrometer... 

Figure 1.3 Hydrogen supply options and major uses. PV, photovoltaic (cells) ICEs, internal combustion engines IT, information technology FCVs, fuel cell (electric) vehicles ICEVs, internal-combustion-engined vehicles. (Courtesy of International Energy Agency Clean Coal Centre).

H2Sim compares the end-use cost of using hydrogen in either FCV or hybridized, direct hydrogen combustion vehicles in 2020 with today s internal combustion engine vehicles, hybrid, and electric vehicles. It also considers a 2020 FCV with onboard production of hydrogen. The default costs associated with each of the vehicles included in H2Sim were summarized in Table 8.1. This chapter focuses on the fuel and the total end-use costs associated with each vehicle based on fuel and vehicle cost sensitivity analysis. 

PLASMA-CHEMICAL REFORMING OF LIQUID FUELS INTO SYNGAS (CO-H2) ON-BOARD GENERATION OF HYDROGEN-RICH GASES FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE VEHICLES... 

To ensure the safety of compressed hydrogen tanks on-board vehicles, on the one hand fuel cell vehicles undergo the same vehicle crash tests as conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. On the other hand, extensive standardized component tests on tank system level are executed (cf. Fig. 4.38 and the film material in the attachment). Only if both tests categories are passed positively, a compressed hydrogen gas tank system will be certified for a vehicle application. 

---