Internal combustion engine vehicle ICEV

Energy use in transportation is projected to grow to 90-140 EJ in 2025 without new restrictions to address the 61-65 EJ in 1990. Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to be a highly energy-efficient means of transportation compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and their unit energy requirements can be half of those of ICEVs or less. 

ICEV Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle MBMS Molecular-Beam Mass Spectrometer... 

Figure 1.3 Hydrogen supply options and major uses. PV, photovoltaic (cells) ICEs, internal combustion engines IT, information technology FCVs, fuel cell (electric) vehicles ICEVs, internal-combustion-engined vehicles. (Courtesy of International Energy Agency Clean Coal Centre).

In general, currently, it is impossible to separate, capture, and store CO2 emitted from the internal combustion engines that are installed in vehicles as moving bodies. In order to eliminate CO2 emissions from vehicles, the only effective way is to replace ICEVs with C02-free FCVs and BEVs. 

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