Intensity tests

While these more efficient materials synthesis approaches were exploited in some laboratories, traditional one-sample-at-a-time methods have persisted generally. Often this is appropriate because the intense testing regimens that the samples are being subjected to take much longer than the synthetic step. Improving the speed of the synthetic step alone would have little effect on the overall progress of materials discovery. 

This cell line was recently established by Mohan et al. [64], Intensive testing of this cell line regarding its suitability for pharmaceutical purposes has not been performed yet. The cell line is highly interesting, however, because of its controlled cell growth and differentiation capabilities. An integrated DNA section allows cell growth to be switched on or off. Therefore, further examination of this cell line should be of major interest and importance for various pharmaceutical researches. 

Third, the problem must be important. It must be a problem whose computer-aided solution creates value by some measure. Such problems may require substantial expertise, or they may be simple, repetitive, and labor intensive, test. No one will invest in a system if the problems are infrequently encountered and can be solved quickly by persons of normal intelligence. 

Phthalates in general, as well as their substitutes, became large volume workplace chemicals and further ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Their impact on organism s health was relatively intense tested through several exposure experiments ([142, 305]). However, it seems that in general they display low toxicity [305], their effects being recorded only for high dose exposure levels... 

Many different metal catalysts have been explored for racemization of secondary alcohols. Among them, ruthenium-based organometallic complexes have been most intensively tested as the racemization catalyst (Figure 1.1). 

EPRI also contributed 27,700 barrels of synthetic fuel to the test effort. Due to funding constraints, the intensive testing of the coal derived liquids could not be maintained for the entire project. Therefore, the first phase of the testing on three of the fuels was considered the "Intensive Test Matrix", while the last three coal derived liquids were examined under normal plant operation and are referred to as the "Longevity Tests". 

This was anticipated since the relative nitrogen content of the coal derived liquids 1s higher than either baseline fuel (0.44% versus 0.29% typically). However, the combination of burners out of service and low excess air reduced N0X emissions from the coal derived liquid as much as 50% in some cases (Figures 4 and 5). Table II lists some typical N0X reduction results for the Intensive test matrix. 

Biopharmaceuticals comparable to a product for which there is wide experience in clinical practice may need less intensive testing. 

Migration of the colorant from the plastic to food-containing products requires intensive testing to assure that the migrated colorant is not harmful to humans or other animals. The chemistry of the dyestuff and its purity are both important in this respect. 

Following very intensive tests, discussions and political disputes about models that were in part extremely complex, a comparatively simple but also undifferentiated early action rule was implemented. The allocation for those emission quantities of the base period 2000-2002, for which the early action facts are taken into account, takes place for a time period of twelve years following the conclusion of the measure with a compliance factor of one. The allocation precisely corresponds to the emissions in the base period of 2000-2002. Accordingly, the following emissions are acknowledged ... 

The dissolution test has been a labor- and resource-intensive test in need of modernization. In general, for controlled-release products, 6 or 12 dissolution vessels are sampled periodically throughout a time period of up to 24 hours or more. Increasingly, dissolution profiles are expected for immediate-release products as well. For the determination of IVIVCs the in vitro time periods ideally should correspond to the times of the in vivo measurements. The in vivo measurements may be every 10 or 15 minutes over the early course of a study and every half-hour thereafter. The corresponding in vitro measurements are not practical with conventional apparatus currently described in the compendia. 

Number of Animals. For statistical reasons, about five to ten animals pCT dose group are generally used, except in the case of labor-intensive tests where a minimum of three (e.g., for the UDS test in liver cells) or four animals is reconunended. A much larger number of animals must be used in some assays (e.g., up to 50 dams treated and several hundred Fj animals examined in mouse spot tests). For ethical reasons, such assays are seldom used. Animals should be evaluated individually. 

To summarise, bioremediated calcite precipitation as a consolidation treatment for wall paintings has not yet reached the stage of development to be recommended without more intensive tests. 

Power s analysis of DNA synthesis 13) begins with the starting materials and successfully employs an efficiency criterion (i.e., yield, time, cost) to compare and evaluate routes. This is, however, a limited case with only four starting materials and intensely tested reaction conditions. 

Conduct intensive in-process monitoring and testing, along with intensive testing of each API batch, to show that each production run resulted in an API meeting its predetermined quality characteristics and specifications (such data should also be assessed under the validation protocol to determine consistency of the process) ... 

Some instrumental methods (INAA, XRFA) analyse directly the aerosol filter or portions of filters. Recently such approach is intensively tested for other methods especially ETAAS. For the majority of instrumental methods however treatment of the filter is required leading to a liquid extract. Wet ashing with different acidic mixtures is very popular though dry ashing in a furnace, followed by acid dissolution is also used. The choice of the method depends not only on the measurement technique and the range of substances to be analyzed but also on the chemical form of the element (Kneip and Kleinman, 1982). For example high temperature secondary aerosols may contain refractory oxides or silicates and the treatment requires fusion or hydrofluoric acid dissolution. 

Up to now four main groups of hypercrosslinked sorbents have been developed and intensively tested. The first group, Styrosorb 1, incorporates laboratory samples of nanoporous (microporous) single-phase sorbents prepared by intensive post-crosslinking Hnear polystyrene of about 300,000 Da molecular weight, dissolved in ethylene dichloride, with monochlorodi-methyl ether or p-xylylene dichloride. The irregular particles of these sorbents have pores with a diameter of about 20—30 A and display an apparent specific surface area as high as 1000—1500 m g. The pore volume of Styrosorb 1 materials usually amounts to 0.4—O.Scm g. 

Intensive testing in the laboratory and on the pilot-plant scale... 

The liquid explosive, with zero or near zero oxygen balance, has relatively large detonation strength and detonation intensity [3-5]. In Table 3.2, a set of oxygen balance, detonation strength, and detonation intensity test data of nitric acid-toluene liquid explosive mixture was listed. The experiment results showed that nitric acid-toluene liquid explosive mixture, when the composition was close to zero oxygen balance, had relatively high explosive property while, had relatively low explosive... 

The test that has gained widest acceptance is the determination of the amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). By its nature, this is a time-consuming and labor-intensive test, and an alternative based upon fluorescence depolarization has been proposed and widely adopted. This procedure measures the ratio of surfactant to protein in amniotic fluid. 

IR spectroscopic analysis offers a number of practical advantages that make it a natural fit for high-volume applications of the type epitomized by serum and urine analysis, as well as for labor-intensive tests such as the amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. No reagents are required, there is generally no need to dilute very concentrated specimens (as may be required for certain other analytical methods), several analyses are available... 

The above examples show that the method of somatic embryogenesis is intensively tested in in vitro cultures. However, despite conducting numerous experiments on obtaining microseedlings of tree species, some of the issues related to this method remain still unresolved. More attention should be p>aid to the optimization methods, so that the plant material obtained in vitro (somatic embryos, callus tissue and properly developed seedlings) was useful for selection, breeding and molecular biology of forest trees and to be useful in other business sectors. 

The use of volume-effective preformed peracids should be facilitated by the current trend toward more compact formulations. Stability problems in alkaline compositions and economic reasons, however, still prevent more widespread use. The only peracid of commercial importance is PAP. In mid-2007, a color detergent powder containing PAP was introduced in Switzerland, claiming the color-safe properties of the peracid. The future of PAP is currently seen in liquid applications, especially when dual-chamber bottles are used. A PAP-containing HDL was intensively test-marketed some years ago in North America, and a similar concept has been used successfully in a Swiss liquid detergent since 2006. 

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