Instrumental drug analysis

A review of capillary electrophoresis applications in pharmaceutical analysis was published in 1993, and the goal of this chapter is to provide an update on the various disciplines within the technique and includes selected applications. Recent developments in the areas of capillary technology, instrumentation, and detection will be reviewed here. Useful strategies for method development involving several classes of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology products will be addressed. The formats within capillary electrophoresis have evolved to such an extent that this chapter is not comprehensive in scope. Therefore, the reader will be directed to other reviews on the various aspects of capillary electrophoresis. Of particular interest to many separation scientists may be a special issue of an Applied Biosystems Newsletter, which addresses the future role of CE, method development in CE, and selected applications in the area of drug analysis and protein separations [7]. 

ICP-MS is one of the newest instrumental methods used in drug analysis, and has been used in the following ... 

Instrumental Data for Drug Analysis" 2nd Edn. Vol. 3, p. 2062. Elsevier New York. Edited by Terry Mills III and J. Conard Roberson. 

A sophisticated commercial HPLC or GC instrument now costs many thousands of dollars and requires a dedicated and skilled operator. It generally has very different applications with GC now generally rarely used in drug analysis but much more in environmental analysis (there are important exceptions). The analytical instruments are very different, employing very different carrier fluids (a carrier gas such as helium in GC versus a mobile phase such as a defined water/methanol mixture in HPLC), column types (packed columns in HPLC versus unpacked in GC), and different and distinct injection and detection methods. 

Triple Quadrupole MS/MS The final topic to consider is the use of multiple mass analyzers in drug analysis. The most important is the triple quadrupole instrument. It is a very good method of drug measurement. It can be both very selective and sensitive. The principal is illustrated in Figures 11.20A and 11.20B. The instrument uses three quadrupole mass analyzers in tandem. The first mass analyzer is used to select a... 

Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (Chapter 21) is widely used for rapid and selective drug analysis, and samples can be run in 1 to 3 min. So, faster ways of sample cleanup are needed for processing large numbers of samples. 96-Well plates with small wells (so-called micro titer plates) are widely used for processing large numbers of samples in automated instruments. 

Mills, T., Robertson, J.C., McCurdy, H.H. and Hall, W.H. Instrumental Data for Drugs Analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1992. 

Instrumental Data for Drug Analysis, Third Edition - 6 Volume Set Price 995.00 ISBN 0849319749 Cat. 1974 Add to Cart... 

Following ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography (GC) was one of the first instrumental techniques to help in solving forensic science problems. The early very successful applications included the determination of blood alcohol by direct injection of blood or serum, and the detection and identification of petroleum products in debris from arson cases in 1958/59. The breakthrough of GC in these areas and in drug analysis was an event of the 1960s and the 1970s. 

Moore JM (1978) The application of derivatization techniques in forensic drug analysis. In Klein M, Kruegel AV, and Sobol SP (eds.) Instrumental Applications in Forensic Drug Chemistry, pp. 180-201. Washington, DC US Government Printing Office. 

Mills T III, Roberson JC, McCurdy HH, and Wall WH (1993) Instrumental Data for Drug Analysis, 2nd edn, vols 1-5. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. 

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