Instron test machines

The tensile properties of the films, both in the dry and wet state, were performed by a standard Instron testing machine Mod. 4204 at room temperature for wet samples, the tests were carried out in physiological solution. A strain rate of 0.1 min was used for all tests, following the ASTM D-638 protocol. 

PP bead foams of a range of densities were compressed using impact and creep loading in an Instron test machine. The stress-strain curves were analysed to determine the effective cell gas pressure as a function of time under load. Creep was controlled by the polymer linear viscoelastic response if the applied stress was low but, at stresses above the foam yield stress, the creep was more rapid until compressed cell gas took the majority of the load. Air was lost from the cells by diffusion through the cell faces, this creep mechanism being more rapid than in extruded foams, because of the small bead size and the open channels at the bead bonndaries. The foam permeability to air conld be related to the PP permeability and the foam density. 15 refs. 

The texture of the processed potato can also be measured by shearing using a single blade, 1 mm thick, attached to the crosshead of the Instron Testing Machine. The processed whole potato with its skin intact is placed on the steel platform of the Instron and sheared longitudinally to a depth of 25 mm at a cross-head speed of 50 mm/min. Maximum shear force (kN) is calculated from the plot of force against displacement. 

Measurements. The morphology of the blends was studied by optical microscopy (Leitz Dialux Pol), transmission electron microscopy (Jeol 100 U), and scanning electron microscopy (Cambridge MK II). Ultramicrotome sections were made with an LKB Ultratome III. Samples for scanning electron microscopy were obtained by fracturing sheets at low temperature. The fracture surfaces were etched with a 30% potassium hydroxide solution to hydrolyse the polycarbonate phase. Stress-relaxation and tensile stress-strain experiments were performed with an Instron testing machine equipped with a thermostatic chamber. Relaxation measurements were carried out in flexion (E > 108 dyn/cm2) or in traction (E < 108 dyn/cm2). Prior to each experiment, the samples were annealed to obtain volumetric equilibrium. 

Following a minimum aging period of 48 hr, specimens were cut so that the fibers were parallel to the long or tensile axis. Conventional 1.5-inch dogbone tensile specimens (1 inch gage length) were tested at 0.2 inch/min on an Instron testing machine. 

Stiff linkage and device type grips were fabricated and connected in an Instron testing machine. For each test, the... 

The equipment used consisted of two plates mounted on an Instron testing machine, with gasket deflection measured by an extensometer driven by an appropriate linkage. For cryogenic testing, the entire fixture was immersed in liquid nitrogen. A number of modulus values for various materials are shown in Table II. Note the excellent values obtained for the fluorocarbon polymer-112 glass laminate. 

Scaffolds composed of 13-93 and 13-93B3 alone with a cubic shape (6 mm x 6 mm x 6 mm) and composite scaffolds composed of 13-93 and 13-93B3 glass with a cyUndiical shape (8 mm in diameter x 6 mm) were tested in an Instron testing machine (Model 4881 Instron, Norwood,... 

Figure 17.15 Different methods for determining modulus with an Instron test machine.

Mechanical properties are the parameters used to measure the forces able to deform the natural rubber blended materials such as elongation, compression, twist and breakage as a function of an applied load, time, temperature or other conditions by testing materials. Results of these tests depend on the size and shape of the specimens of the tested materials. Generally, the specimens are cut into a specific shape and their mechanical properties tested with an accurate load cell capacity and crosshead speed by a tensile machine such as an Instron testing machine or universal testing machine until they deform. ... 

The specimens were sawn out of large slabs after hardening of the concrete and were stored in constant laboratory conditions of +18 1 °C and 90 2% RH. After two years curing, the specimens were notched and subjected to four-point bending in an Instron testing machine with the head displacements control. Load, central deflection and crack opening displacement (COD) were measured and recorded to calculate the characteristics of the cracking process. 

Air-dried S- -PMA powder y5% H2O) was extruded from a C. W. Brabender Plasticorder extruder equipped with a 3/4-in. diameter 20 1 length-to-diameter barrel. The screw had a 3 1 compression ratio and was operated at 40 RPM. Temperature of the slit die (1x0.020 in.) and the end of the barrel was 140°C whereas the inlet zone was 90°C. Dumbbell-shaped tensile specimens were tempered 4 days at 22.2 C and 50% relative humidity before testing on an Instron testing machine at 5 or 50 cm/min cross head speed. Average UTS values were determined from five specimens of each sample. Relative standard deviation for the reported UTS values is 3.7%. 

Fig. 15. A typical lap shear joint of PTFE and copolymer II after having been pulled on the Instron testing machine.

When the 1 in. wide, 0.5 in. overlap joints were pulled on an Instron testing machine at 0.05 in./min, the PTFE yielded indefinitely, yet the bond region suffered hardly any distortion (Fig. 15). Moreover, the ability of the copolymers to adhere without any sort of chemical or hydrogen bonding further underscored their wide range of applicability. 

Films were tested, at temperature, in an Instron Test Machine, with a 1/2 inch extensometer mounted within a one inch gauge length. A cross-head speed of 0.2 in./min. was used. Six replicates were used in each case. 

Uniaxial tensile strength can be measured in an Instron test machines equipped with a static load cell of suitable capacity (see Fig. 10.1). To measure the tensile properties of the membranes while immersed in a fluid, an assembly consisting of a testing chamber and tensile grips are fitted for the Instron machine. DMTA technique has the option of performing mechanical testing in immersed fluids. 

Figure 27 Measurement of adhesion by the peel test method using thin film specimens coated on silicon wafers and cured at 350-400°C. (A) A 1 cm wide strip is cut in the polyimide film. (B) The wafer (a) is cut and broken perpendicularly to the film (b). (C) One end of the specimen is fixed with a clip (d) into the upper jig (c) of an Instron testing machine. The other part lies on a mobile carrier (e) designed to maintain a 90° peeling by means of pulleys (f) and counterweight (g).

Tensile testing was performed on the laminate coupons in an INSTRON test machine at a displacement rate of 0.2 mm/min (strain rate of approx. 

The specimen mounted in the compression rig was loaded in an Instron testing machine and the fracture toughness, Gq was determined for varying compressive forces, using the compliance technique developed by Berry19. Berry suggested that the compliance C, is related to the crack length, i, by an expression of the form ... 

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