Insecticides toxicology

Pope CN, Chakraborti TK, Chapman ML, et al. 1991. Comparison of in vivo cholinesterase inhibition in neonatal and adult rats by three organophosphorothioate insecticides. Toxicology 68 51-61. 

Technical malathion (-95% pure) contains several impurities. Of the impurities isolated, four compounds have been shown to be important in insecticide toxicology (Figure 4.5). Umetsu et al. (1977) demonstrated that all of these impurities potentiated the toxicity of purified malathion in rats, with compounds C and D being more active. Further studies showed that these impurities inhibited serum malathion carboxylesterase and liver malathion carboxylesterase in vitro and in vivo in rats (Talcott et al., 1979), which would explain the potentiating activity observed with these impurities because these carboxylesterases... 

Insecticides—Textbooks. 2. Insecticides—Toxicology—Textbooks. 3. Insecticides—Physiological effect--Textbooks. I. Title. 

The format of this book is based primarily on the late Professor L.C. Terriere s unpublished teaching material entitled The Biochemistry and Toxicology of Insecticides (1982). We talked about the possibility of coauthoring a new textbook in insecticide toxicology because of the clear need for such material. Unfortunately, he passed away before it could materialize. Therefore, I dedicate this book to Professor Terriere in appreciation of his valuable contributions to insect toxicology and biochemistry, and the many years of research association. 

Not only has PBO continued to be used as an insecticide synergist but, in addition, it has become a diagnostic tool for two important aspects of insecticide toxicology to determine if in vivo metabolism of an insecticide is oxidative and to determine if cases of insecticide resistance involve oxidative metabolism by P450. 

E. Matsumura, Toxicology of Insecticides, Plenum Press, New York, 1975. 

R. J. Kuhr and H. W. Dorrough, Carbamate Insecticides, Chemisty, Biochemistry, and Toxicology, CRC Press, Cleveland, Ohio, 1976. 

W. J. Hayes, Jr., and E. R. Laws, Jr., eds.. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, Calif., 1990. Three volume set provides detailed toxicological profiles of more than 250 insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides each compound described by identity, properties, and uses toxicity to humans, laboratory animals, domestic animals, and wildlife includes comprehensive coverage of diagnosis, treatment, prevention of injury, effects on domestic animals, wildlife, and humans - ISjOOO references. 

Aaron CK, Howland, MA. 1998. Insecticides Organophosphates and carbamates. In Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA, et al., eds. Goldfiank s toxicologic emergencies. Stamford, CT Appleton Lange, 1429-1449. 

EllenhomMJ. 1997. Pesticides Insecticides. In Ellenhom s medical toxicology Diagnosis and treatment of human poisoning. Baltimore, MD Williams Wilkins, 1614-1631. 

Chambers JE, Carr RE. 1995. Biochemical mechanisms contributing to species differences in insecticidal toxicity. Toxicology 105 291-304. 

Degraeve N, Moutschen J. 1984. Absence of genetic and cytogenetic effects in mice treated by the organophosphorus insecticide parathion, its methyl analogue, and paraoxon. Toxicology 32 177-183. 

Kimmerle G, Lorke D. 1968. Toxicology of insecticidal organophosphates. Pflanzenschutz-Nacher 21 111-142. 

Mortensen,ME. 1986. Management of acute childhood poisonings caused by selected insecticides and herbicides. Pediatric Toxicology 33(2) 421-445. 

Hodgson, E. and Levi, P. (1994). A multiauthor text dealing in depth with some aspects of biochemical toxicology highly relevant to the present topic. Examples of metabolism and mode of action of insecticides, and PAHs. 

Brooks, G.T. (1974). The Chlorinated Insecticides, Vols 1 and 2—A detailed and authoritative standard reference work on the chemistry, biochemistry, and toxicology of organochlo-rine insecticides. 

Leahey, J.P. (Ed.) (1985). The Pyrethroid Insecticides—A multiauthor work that covers many aspects of the toxicology and ecotoxicology of the earlier pyrethroids. 

Eroschenko, V.P. (1981). Estrogenic activity of the insecticide chlordecone in the reproductive-tract of birds and mammals. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 8, 731-742. 

Johnston, G.O., Walker, C.H., and Dawson, A. (1994a). Interactive effects between EBI fungicides and OP insecticides in the hybrid red-legged partridge. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13, 615-620. 

Kim, I.Y., Han, S.Y., and Kang, T.S. et al. (2005). Pyrethroid insecticides, fenvalerate and permethrin, inhibit progesterone-induced alkaline phosphatase activity in T47D human breast cancer cells. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health—Part A—Current Issues 68, 2175-2186. 

Tyler, C.R., Beresford, N., and van der Woning, M. et al. (2000). Metabolism and environmental degradation of pyrethroid insecticides produce compounds with endocrine activities. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, 801-809. 

Pauli, B.D., Coulson, D.R., BerriE, M. (1999) Sensitivity of Amphibian Embryos and Tadpoles to Mimic 240 LV Insecticide Following Single or Double Exposures. Environmental Toxicology and... 

Some think that efforts should be made to simplify the nomenclature and to encourage industry to do proper toxicological research and supply methods for analysis before a new compound is submitted for registration. The study of antidotes should be encouraged. It is clear that research in the health hazards as well as the benefits of insecticides must be intensified and that the efforts of different laboratories should be better coordinated. Education of industry, of handlers and operators, of the medical and public health profession, and of the public must be advanced. 

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