Inks and Toners

In general terms these problems are not unlike those encountered in the manufacture of other colloidal products such as paints, face creams, and printing inks and toners, for example. The difference, of course, is that the inks and toners are hardly appetizing and one seldom cares about how they taste (Of course, physical stability alone does not determine the taste or the worthiness of a food product. Chemical reactions play a role in taste and in determining the structure, and other considerations such as nutritional value and esthetic appeal may also apply.)... 

A benzo[ /]thioxanthene unit has been incorporated in the emission layer of an OLED display <2004USP2004140761> as part of a polycyclic pigment 614 employed for coloring polymers, inks and toners <2000USP6046335> and also as the key component 615 of a red fluorescence-conversion film and associated electroluminescent devices <1998JPP10316964>. 

Besides print media, there are other things in the printer that run out and need to be replenished. These items are the print consumables. Most consumables are used to form the images on the print media. There are two main types of consumables in printers today ink and toner. Toner is used primarily in laser printers. Most other printers use ink. 

As fumed silica enhances several different properties in formulation, such as thickening liquids or improving flowability of powders, it is used in a variety of applications [63], including plastics, rubbers, coatings, cosmetics, adhesives, sealants, inks, and toners. 

Fluorescent inks and toners are among the most widely used security printing features. A printed document is usually authenticated by detecting the light emitted by the fluorescent component... 

Carbon black is mostly an aciniform (grape-like cluster) particulate, which is produced by the incomplete combustion of oil. The current worldwide production is 8.1 million tonnes per year. It is very common as a pigment in inks and toners, and as a functional filler in tires and rubber products (ICBA 2008). 

Flexographic Inks. Fluorescent toners such as the Radiant GF, Lawter HVT, and Day-Glo HM and HMS Series toners are used in flexographic ink formulations. These products are soluble in blends of alcohol (80%) and ester solvents (20%) and are compatible with modifying materials such as nitroceUulose resins and acryHc solution polymers. Flexographic inks of this type are used most commonly to print products such as ceUophane and polyethylene film for packaging, and also to print paper products such as gift wrap and price labels. 

Mechanical Gleaning. A cleaner is a hydrocyclone device utilizing fluid pressure to create rotational fluid motion (20). Pulp is introduced tangentially near the top of the cleaner. Contaminants denser than water such as chemically treated toner inks and sand migrate toward the outer wall of the cleaner and exit in a separate (reject) stream. For most forward cleaners, optimal ink removal efficiency is obtained at a pulp consistency of 0.2—0.3%. Most forward cleaners deinking efficiency declines at pulp feed consistencies greater than 0.4%. However, a cleaner said to be efficient at 1.2% pulp consistency has been reported (39). 

Functional polyethylene waxes provide both the physical properties obtained by the high molecular weight polyethylene wax and the chemical properties of an oxidised product, or one derived from a fatty alcohol or acid. The functional groups improve adhesion to polar substrates, compatibHity with polar materials, and dispersibHity into water. Uses include additives for inks and coatings, pigment dispersions, plastics, cosmetics, toners, and adhesives. 

Toners derived from 6-chlorometanilic acid [88-43-7] 6-amiao-4-chloro-y -toluene-sulfonic acid [88-51-7] and 6-arriino-y -toluenesulfonic acid [88-44-8] have improved fastness properties and find use in paints, inks, and plastics. 

I tjzoIo[ 1,5-/] [1,2,4] triazole azomethines were investigated and used for manufacturing of inks, optical filters, thermal transfer printing materials, and toners. Some of them were prepared and formulated into a water-thinned jet printing ink <2002JAP256164, 2000EUP1035172>. 

Stoddard solvent is a petroleum distillate widely used as a dry-cleaning solvent and as a general cleaner and degreaser. It may also be used as paint thinner, as a solvent in some types of photocopier toners, in some types of printing inks, and in some adhesives. Stoddard solvent is considered to be a form of mineral spirits, white spirits, and naphtha however, not all forms of mineral spirits, white spirits, and naphtha are considered to be Stoddard solvent. 

Electrostatic stability plays a dominant role in many separation processes, such as filtration of industrial wastewaters. Coagulation aids (known as coagulants) are routinely used to improve the effectiveness of separation processes in such cases. Polymer-induced stability is often the method of choice, particularly in the case of concentrated dispersions for example, many pharmaceutical preparations, paints, inks, and liquid toners depend on surfactants or polymer additives for ensuring stable preparations. We see in Section 13.2 that in the case of concentrated dispersions both thermodynamic and kinetic issues often become very important. 

Infrared microspectrometry (FTIR) is most frequently applied for identification of microtraces such as particles of paint, plastic, fibre, rubber and glue, as well as for analysis of the chemical composition of, for example, ink or toner. 

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