Printer, laser

A hardcopy of an image can be provided for special occasions. These hard copies are made by a laser printer. 

Consumer Products. Laser-based products have emerged from the laboratories and become familiar products used by many millions of people in everyday circumstances. Examples include the supermarket scaimer, the laser printer, and the compact disk. The supermarket scanner has become a familiar fixture at the point of sale in stores. The beam from a laser is scaimed across the bar-code marking that identifies a product, and the pattern of varying reflected light intensity is detected and interpreted by a computer to identify the product. Then the information is printed on the sales sHp. The use of the scanner can speed checkout from places like supermarkets. The scanners have usually been helium—neon lasers, but visible semiconductor lasers may take an impact in this appHcation. 

Photoconductive polymers are widely used in the imaging industry as either photosensitive receptors or carrier (electron or hole) transporting materials in copy machines and laser printers. This is still the only area in which the photoelectronic properties of polymers are exploited on a large-scale industrial basis. It is also one electronic appHcation where polymers are superior to inorganic semiconductors. 

Amorphous (vitreous) selenium, vacuum-deposited on an aluminum substrate such as a dmm or a plate, was the first photoconductor commercially used in xerography (6). It is highly photosensitive, but only to blue light (2). Its light absorption falls off rather rapidly above 550 nm. Because of the lack of photoresponse in the red or near infrared regions, selenium photoreceptors caimot be used in laser printers having He—Ne lasers (632.8 nm), or soHd-state lasers (680—830 nm). 

Laser printers, bar code readers, unmanned freeway tollbooths, laser pointers—none of these very common devices would be possible ivithout laser technology. This is just a minor sampling the list of laser applications goes on and on. 

Optoelectronic devices are found in numerous consumer products such as television, compact-disk players, laser communications, laser printers, radar detectors, cellular telephones, direct-broad-cast television, and many others. Many of these applications were developed in Japan and that country is still prominent in the field. 

Environmental impacts in the use phase dominate the profile. Products with high durability and which go through many cycles of use are found in this category. Examples include automobiles, dishwashers and laser printers. 

Create a closed-loop system so that the industry recycles waste. Many copier and laser printer manufacturers have now done this, including the recovery and recycling of used toner cartridges as part of the overall service. 

Most photocopiers and laser printers operate on a similar basis, so that it is convenient to discuss them together, but there are also some key differences. 

Light-sensitive drums in laser printers are reliant on... 

Silvery metal, that can be cut with a knife. Terbium alloys and additives are widely used in optoelectronics to burn CDs as well as in laser printers. The pronounced magnetostriction (Joule effect) makes "terfenol-D" (terbium-dysprosium-iron) indispensable in sonar technology. The physics of the element appears to be more interesting than its chemistry, in which it is rarely used in catalysis. 

An optional extension to the system makes it simple to produce documents containing mixed text and graphics illustrations, which can be output on a laser printer. 

Laser printers and photocopiers use electricity and light to produce an image, hence the name electrophotography. The two main components are the photoconductor, now invariably an... 

Full color printing is essentially the same as for black and white but requires four steps, one each for the yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toners needed for full color reproduction.35,36 Consequently, color laser printers and color copiers are significantly more expensive than both monochrome laser printers and especially ink jet printers. Obviously, they are also slower than monochrome laser printers. 

Almost without exception, all modern laser printers now use titanyloxy-phthalocyanine, type IV polymorph (47), as the CGM. Unlike copper phthalocyanine, which is planar (Figure 7) titanyloxy-phthalocyanine has a shallow shuttlecock shape (Figure 8). This has a subtle effect on the packing of the molecules, which contributes to its excellent performance as a CGM. Indeed, titanyloxy-phthalocyanine has the best combination of properties and is unlikely to be surpassed.37... 

Ink jet printing is now the dominant non-impact printing technology. It has achieved this position from a platform of low cost, full color, very good (and ever improving) quality, and reasonable speed. For example, good quality color inkjet printers currently retail for ca. US 70, whereas the cheapest color laser printer costs ca. US 1,400 at the time of writing 43... 

An elastomeric (usually polyurethane) blade used to clean the rollers in laser printers and copiers. 

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) cleaning agents, cosmetics, waxes, carpels and paints building and furnishing materials office equipments like laser printers and photocopiers. irritation neurotoxic effects hepatotoxic carciogenic... 

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