Stability induced

One indirect method to test the internalization of PEG-lipids is to work within conditions where the lipoplexes aggregate, and point out the stabilization induced by the PEG-lipid. 

Vitagliano, L., Berisio, R., Mazzarella, L., and Zagari, A. (2001). Structural bases of collagen stabilization induced by proline hydroxylation. Biopolymers 58, 459-464. 

The addition of 1 x 10 3 M acetyl glutamate to frog liver enzyme preparation causes a 10% and immediate increase in fluorescence. This effect has been confirmed by Edelhoch (8), who concurs in our interpretation that this finding signifies acetyl glutamate-induced conformational changes of carbamyl-P synthetase. We believe that the decrease in stability induced by substrates and cofactors is, whenever it is found to occur, the simplest and most sensitive method available for the detection and study of conformational changes in enzymic proteins. 

From the viewpoint of technological applications phase-stability-induced critical solution phenomena offer many interesting possibilities for microstructural and property control of alloys. 

Ring A is largely retained presumably because of the stability induced in the carbons adjacent to the more basic N-1. In cytisine (VIII) the pyridone system remains largely unchanged, fragmentation being centered about N-2. 

The clear effect on metabolic stability induced by the introduction of a fluoroalkyl substituent at C-10 of artemisinins has been demonstrated. This provided robust derivatives that therefore exhibited better antimalarial activity than reference artemisinins. Our further... 

Tsai YC, Qi H, Lin COP, Lin RK, Ktrrigan JE, Rzuczek SG, laVoie EJ, Rice JE, Pilch DS, Lyu YL, liu LF. A G-quadtuplex stabilizer induces M-phase cell cycle rest J Biol Chem. 2009 284 22536-43. 

Liu, Y., Zhang, X. Nanobubble stability induced by contact line pinning. J. Chem. Phys. 138, 014706 (2013)... 

Thermal stability is of great importance, not onfy for the end-use (for example a gear running hot), but also for the forming process. Thermoplastics are processed in the liquid state it is of course essential that the polymer remain stable whilst it is liquid. A good example of enhanced thermal stability induced by copolymerization is in the copofymer... 

Classically we think of osmolyte-induced stability as brought about by a thermodynamically unfavorable interaction with the protein (Lee and Timasheff 1981 Arakawa and Timasheff 1985a). We understand that if we decompose a protein into side chains and backbone that stability induced by such an osmolyte results in correlations or solution fluctuations, which thermodynamically yield a response less favorable than that with water (the osmophobic effect) (Rosgen, Pettitt, and Bolen 2004). Similarly, we consider solution stabilization or protein denaturation as having a substantial component that occurs by favorable interactions with the osmolyte (Pace 1986 Bolen and Baskakov 2001). More recently, it has become clear that the thermodynamics is not overwhelmingly dominated by the interactions with the side chains, but rather the backbone makes a major, perhaps dominant contribution in many cases (Auton, Holthauzen, and Bolen 2007 Auton et al. 2011). The precise nature of the balance is dependent on the concentration of osmolyte as recently shown (Auton et al. 2011) Some less concentrated solutions of osmolyte solutions do not show the backbone contributions as purely dominating the side chains. However, the backbone shows a classically surprising contribution to stability in aU cases the side chains are not responsible alone. 

P(4) When considering a limit slate of stability induced by second rrder effects it shall be verified that instability does not occur unless actions exceed their design valnes, associating all stmctural properties with the respective design valnes. In addition, sections shall be verified according to P(2) above. 

The stabilization induced by the bridging halogens is probably less significant than that provided by an additional ligand and, thus, leads to a faster initiation that should be borne in mind when testing new reactions. 

On the basis of these data it would appear that the enhanced resistance to hydrolysis may play an important role in increasing the effectiveness of poly I-poly C as an inducer. However, treatment of L-cells with DEAE-Dx before adding the stabilized inducer leads to still higher effectiveness. That the L-cell membranes are modified by treatment with DEAE-Dx is indicated because such treated cells are extremely resistant to swelling by water, and to disruption with a Dounce homogenizer (Levy, Riley and Dianzani, unpublished). 

Noncentrosymmetric order induced by electric field poling or by molecular self-assembly processes must be stable at the elevated temperatures encountered in device fabrication and operation. Conservatively, this means stability at temperatures on the order of 100 C in general, with precise requirements determined by the particular device application pursued and the device fabrication protocols followed. The requirement of stability at elevated temperatures frequently mandates additional lattice hardening to stabilize induced noncentrosymmetric order. 

Synthetic oligosaccharides also allow the development of new vaccine platforms. For example, gold nanoparticles containing the 21, the T-helper peptide ovalbumin 323-339, and d glucose for stabilization, induce IgG antibodies against the native CPS. It is noteworthy that the antibodies promote opsonophagocytosys of Spl4 bacteria by human leukocytes. 

Figure 6. Model of how the hydroxyl groups of carbohydrates replace and act in a structural manner similar to water. The biophysics have been explored in detail by Crowe, Franks, Carpenter, Clegg and others. The microbiological term for molecular stability induced by polyhydroxyloligomers in the absence of water is anhydrobiosis.

In this context, detailed analyses of TGA decomposition curves may prove useful in the assessment of radiation and stabilization-induced changes undergone by modern medical UHMWPE formulations. The objective of the present chapter is to present the suitability of TGA in characterizing the oxidative and thermal stability of various medical polyethylene formulations. 

In contrast, the position of the LUMO level results from a compromise between the stabilization induced by the cyano substituents and the destabilization associated to larger torsion angles. Despite the fact that the quantitative agreement is less satisfactory for the LUMO level evolution vs. reduction potential data, both theory and experiment indicate that the stabilization of the LUMO level is stronger for the monosubstituted terthiophenes when the cyano group is at the terminal position, see Fig. 7b although a similar behavior is expected for the disubstituted compounds... 

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