Injection active substance

AquaMephyton solution for s.c.fi.m. injection Active substance Solubilizer Preservative To adjust isotonicity Solvent phytomenadione poiyoxyethylated fatty acid derivative benzyl alcohol dextrose water in 1 ml 2 or 10 mg 70 mg 0.9% 37.5 mg to volume... 

Homogenates of MetruUum senile, possibly the world s most common large sea anemone, yield extracts that are powerfully hemolytic for washed mammalian erythrocytes (22). The active substance, metridiolysin, is a protein of molecular weight approximately 80,000. In contrast to the sphingomyelin-inhibitable toxins, metridiolysin is an acidic protein having a pi of about 5. It is thermolabile and is inactivat by proteolytic enzymes. The optimal pH for hemolysis is between 5 and 6, and at pH 8 the lysin is inactive. It can be dissociated into two subunits of unequal size. Besides being cytolytic in vitro, metridiolysin is lethal when injected intravenously into mice. As shown in Table IV erythrocytes from the horse or dog are about a hundred times as sensitive to lysis as those from the mouse, and erythrocytes from other animals tested are intermediate in sensitivity. 

Solutions of different pectic substances were injected into healthy wheat plants, with or without the glycoproteogalactan elicitor, and the activities of the enzymes PAL and POD were determined. These enzymes are involved in the hypersensitive reaction of wheat against the rust fungus, and increased activities can be expected after elicitation, whereas suppressor active substances will cause a reduction of the elicitor-induced enzyme activities. 

The sedative action of noradrenaline has been known since 1 954, when FELDBERG and SHERWOOD (47) injected the substance into the lateral ventricle of cats, thus avoiding the blood-brain barrier. Similar results have been obtained with adrenaline, which LEIMDORFER (48) proved to be active in producing deep sleep in man by injecting 2 mg intracisternally. The sedative action of methyidopa is well known from its clinical use. 

Two of the more recent such approvals are that of Ovitrelle and Luveris. Ovitrelle is the trade name given by Serono to its recombinant hCG-based product. The producer is an engineered CHO cell line that has been co-transfected with the genes coding for both the hCG a- and P-subunits. Downstream processing entails a combination of several chromatographic and ultrafiltration steps and the final product is presented in freeze-dried form. Each vial of product contains 285 fig of active substance (hCG) and the product has been assigned a 2 year shelf-life. It is reconstituted with water for injections (WFI) immediately before use. 

In addition to injections, pulmonary administration also allows rapid absorption of analgesics into the blood stream. The AerX pain management system, which is currently being developed jointly by Aradigm and Glaxo Smith Kline for morphine and fentanyl, produces an aerosol from an active substance solution (Fig. 17). 

Schildein S, Agmo A, Huston JP, Schwarting RK (1998) Intraaccumbens injections of substance P, morphine and amphetamine effects on conditioned place preference and behavioral activity. Brain Res 790 185-194. 

Local injection treatment methods for non-varicose bleeding have proved uncomplicated, quick to carry out, independent of location, extremely reasonable in terms of cost and also very successful. Absolute alcohol, adrenaline, pohdocanol and hypertonic sodium solution are among the active substances used. (26) A combination of suprarenin and pohdocanol has meanwhile been established as first choice adrenaline (0.005—0.01%) is injected into the mucous membrane surrounding the lesion in order to induce vasoconstriction. Directly afterwards, pohdocanol (1%) or a hypertonic NaCl solution may be injected at the edges of the lesion, resulting in local oedema with vascular compression and thrombosis. The reported effectiveness of this method for primary haemostasis is 83—100%, and definitive haemostasis is attained in 91 —94% of cases. The complication rate is < 1%. 

Lecithins contain a variety of unspecified materials care should therefore be exercised in the use of unpurified lecithin in injectable or topical dosage forms, as interactions with the active substance or other excipients may occur. Unpurified lecithins may also have a greater potential for irritancy in formulations. 

The development step, whose purpose is the continuation of the improvement of the pharmacokinetic properties and the fine-tuning of the pharmaceutic properties of active substances to render them suitable for clinical use. This can consist, to name a few instances, in the preparation of better-absorbed compounds, of sustained release formulations and of water-soluble derivatives or in the elimination of properties related to the patient s compliance (irritation, painful injection, undesirable organoleptic properties). For an example, see Figure 2.2. 

G. Nagy, Z. Feher, E. Pungor, Application of silicone rubber-based graphite electrodes for continuous flow measurements. 2. Voltammetric study of active substances injected into electrolyte streams, Anal. Chim. Acta 52 (1970) 47. 

In assessing the anti-infl2immatory activity of phenothiazines, it should be emphasized that many of these substances possess potent anti-histamine and anti-5-hydroxytryptamine properties. They therefore have anti-inflammatory activity in those reactions produced by exogenous histamine or 5-hydroxytryptamine and in those in which either or both of these amines are liberated in situ, after injection of substances such as egg-white, dextran or compound 48/80 into the foot > . 

The displacement of liquids is strongly affected by surface properties of the system crude oil-water-rocks. With increases in temperature, surface properties of both the formation rocks and the formation liquids change. When water is injected into the formation, some of the surface-active substances of the crude dissolve in the water. This dissolution brings about a reduction in surface tension at the phase boundary. Selective wetting of the surfaces of capillary pores with water is also improved. The surface-acdve molecules of oil form a layer that is adsorbed on the surfaces of pore canals. When the temperature is increased, the thickness of this layer is reduced, which, in turn, leads to an increase in permeability of the formation. 

Co-injection of MelQx with a3 gave a chromatogram shewing an enhancement in the latest uv peak of a 3 and thus suggesting the presence of this conpound. Results of further fractionation of the CE-derived fraction on a normal phase HPLC i stem indicated the presence of two distinct areas of mutagenic activity. The major active substance coeluted with MelQx. Ultraviolet (> 274) and mass sp)ectral (m/e 213/197,185 144) properties... 

Copolymers with 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) with lower crystallinity and melting temperature as well as higher impact strength levels 5 % HV for relatively rigid injection-molded parts, 10 % HV for injection molding, extrusion, injection-blow molding of packaging material, 20 % HV for veterinary/medical applications with controlled active substance release. 

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