Inhaled delivery systems

Some direct comparisons of DPI and MDI for the same drug have been made in the interest of developing alternative, but comparable, products for patients. The thera-peutie performance of inhalation delivery systems is as dependent on the patient as it is on the product itself Therefore, some demonstration of elinieal eomparability is generally required to support product substitution. 

Gonda, I. Schuster, J.A. Rubsamen, R.M. Lloyd, P. Cipolla, D. Farr, S.J. Inhalation delivery systems with compliance and disease management capabilities. J. Contr. Rel. 1998, 53, 269-274. 

This chapter presents an overview of formulation design, describes device function, and addresses product operation in relation to inhalation delivery system performance for nebulizers, MDIs, and DPIs. Methods of manufacture of... 

Although these results are very preliminary, they suggest that this inhalation delivery system is promising. 

This chapter focuses on two recently published studies in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [5,6] related to inhalation delivery systems for the treatment of diseases modulated by the systemic circulation. We attempt to critically examine the results in the context of current technology and discuss their implications on the challenges facing the inhalation drug delivery held today. 

How can an inhalation delivery system be designed to safely deliver macromolecules and other dmgs for systemic administration through the lungs, given the safety profile of ethanol, while maintaining user simplicity ... 

Whether or not ethanol proves a key to substantially improving inhaled protein bioavailabilities in humans, research related to bioavailability enhancement is likely to be followed closely by those aiming to fully exploit the commercial potential of inhaled delivery systems for systemic application. 

Boe J, Stiksa G, Svensson K, Asbrink E. New method of evaluating patient preference for different inhalation delivery systems. Ann Allergy 1992 68 255-260. 

Atkins PJ. The development of new solution metered dose inhaler delivery systems. Proceedings of the Second Conference on Respiratory Drug Delivery. Lexington, KY University of Kentucky, 1991 416 445. 

Generally, inhaled glucocorticoids have few side effects, the appearance of which depends on the dose, the frequency of administration, and the delivery system used. The most common side effect is dysphonia (hoarseness), which affects approximately one third of treated patients. Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush)... 

The nitrates are available in various forms (eg, sublingual, transmucosal, translingual spray, and inhalation). Some adverse reactions are a result of the metiiod of administration. For example, sublingual nitroglycerin may cause a local burning or tingling in the oral cavity. However, die patient must be aware that an absence of this effect does not indicate a decrease in the drug s potency. Contact dermatitis may occur from use of die transdermal delivery system. 

In light of the information presented, it appears that liposomes have much to offer as an improved delivery system for inhaled bronchodilators as they can provide sustained release, solubilization, stability, and safety in an inhalable formulation. 

Allergic reactions to insulin include erythema, pruritus, and indurations,22 which usually are transient. For the more troublesome reactions, treatment options include dexamethasone, desensitization, or change in delivery system (i.e., insulin pump or inhaled insulin). 

Inhalation Hold breath and don respiratory protection mask administer immediately, in rapid succession, all three Nerve Agent Antidote Kits, Mark I injectors if severe signs of agent exposure appear use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when approved mask-bag or oxygen delivery systems are... 

Virtually all therapeutic proteins must enter the blood in order to promote a therapeutic effect. Such products must usually be administered parenterally. However, research continues on the development of non-parenteral routes which may prove more convenient, less costly and obtain improved patient compliance. Alternative potential delivery routes include transdermal, nasal, oral and bucal approaches, although most progress to date has been recorded with pulmonary-based delivery systems (Chapter 4). An inhaled insulin product ( Exubera , Chapters 4 and 11) was approved in 2006 for the treatment of type I and II diabetes. 

Pulmonary delivery currently represents the most promising alternative to parenteral delivery systems for biopharmaceuticals. Delivery via the pulmonary route moved from concept to reality in 2006 with the approval of Exubera, an inhalable insulin product (Chapter 11). Although the lung is not particularly permeable to solutes of low molecular mass (e.g. sucrose or urea), macromolecules can be absorbed into the blood via the lungs surprisingly well. In fact, pulmonary... 

Inhalation Hold breath until respiratory protective mask is donned. Remove from the source Immediately. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation should be used when approved mask-bag or oxygen delivery systems are not available. Do not use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when facial contamination is present. Seek medical attention Immediately. 

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM INHALER METERED DOSE KIT WITH CARRYING CASE 6515013200225 EA 7.82 ... 

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