Inhaled Drug Delivery

Conducting zone Generation Diameter (cm) Length (cm) Number Total cross sectional area (cm2) 

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Relenza ) in 1999. The polar nature of Relenza precluded significant oral absorption, and therefore an infraoral inhalation drug delivery method was developed that delivered the drug to the primary site of infection. 

Educate patients on the use of inhaled drug delivery devices, peak flow monitors, and asthma education plans. 

This list is not exhaustive. Many other manufacturers, in both the United States and Europe, are developing dry powder inhalation drug-delivery systems. 

Inhalable drug delivery At present, there are many drugs that are applied through the nasal pathway (inhalable drug delivery [IDD]). Besides small molecules (such as hormones), even much larger molecules (such as insulin and other proteins) have been reported as useful IDD systems. However, they need to meet certain critical demands ... 

York, P. and Hanna, M. (1996). Particle engineering by supercritical fluid technologies for powder inhalation drug delivery. Proc. Conf. Respiratory Drug Delivery V, Phoenix, AZ, 231-239. 

Stefely JS. Novel excipients for inhalation drug delivery expanding the capability of the MDI. Drug Delivery Technol 2002 2(6) 62, 64-69. 

Physiological and pathological aspects of inhalation drug delivery... 

Markert M, Klumpp A, Trautmann T, Guth BD (2004) A novel propellant-free inhalation drug delivery system for cardiovascular safety pharmacology evaluations in dogs. Journal of Pharmacological and toxicological Methods 50 109-119... 

Stein, S. W., and Myrdal, P. B. (2006), The relative influence of atomization and evaporation on metered dose inhaler drug delivery efficiency, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 40,335-347. 

Two main areas that have been given most attention to improve inhalation drug delivery of powders are ... 

Dry powder preparation and formulation are only part of the inhalation drug delivery system. Dispersion of these powders is closely linked to the performance of the inhaler device. 

Non-parenteral use feasibility for example, inhalation drug delivery lactose has been used for marketed aerosol products and hence... 

There are several ways to categorize drug delivery devices. The inhalation drug delivery devices discussed in this article are categorized according to their operating principles or fundamental mechanism of generating aerosols. 

Atkins, P.J. Barker, N.P. Mathisen, D. The design and development of inhalation drug delivery systems. In Pharmaceutical Inhalation Pressurised Metered-Dose Inhaler Technology, Hickey, A.J., Ed. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1992. 

Barry, P.W. O Callaghan, C. Inhalational drug delivery from seven different spacer devices. Thorax 1996, 51, 835-840. 

Koushik, K. Kompella, U.B. Inhalation engineering. Particle and device engineering for inhalation drug delivery. Drug Delivery Technology 2004, 4 (2), 40-50. 

The Design and Development of Inhalation Drug Delivery Systems... 

Within the pharmaceutical industry, inhalation drug delivery system selection is a pivotal commercial decision. This should be based on factors such as ... 

PREFORMULATION ASPECTS ON INHALATION DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM DESIGN... 

INHALATION DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM DESIGN—NEBULIZED DRUG DELIVERY... 

INHALATION DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM DESIGN—METERED-DOSE INHALERS Introduction... 

In 1974, the Sugarloaf Conference [3] underscored the empiric nature of many applications of inhalation therapy, as it was called at that time. The scientific basis for many treatments was very weak. Although there has been considerable progress since the early 1980s, there are today still many uncertainties about inhaled drug delivery and many variations of delivery equipment and methods. A more recent consensus statement reviews some advances and describes continuing needs for investigation [4]. 

This chapter focuses on two recently published studies in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [5,6] related to inhalation delivery systems for the treatment of diseases modulated by the systemic circulation. We attempt to critically examine the results in the context of current technology and discuss their implications on the challenges facing the inhalation drug delivery held today. 

The inhalation drug delivery field, while still awaiting the first therapy approval, is poised to grow even more dramatically than since the early 1990s, but this requires continued and diligent scientific advance. 

Presently, relatively little is known about the potency of drugs of abuse after inhalation or smoking. In order to deter-mine the relationship between volatility and pharmacological potency by the inhalation route, the authors developed an animal model to approximate the conditions of human inhalation. The approach involved a volatilization-inhalation drug delivery system developed over the past 10 years in this laboratory. The design of this inhalation apparatus is illustrated in figure 2. 

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