Drug delivery systems inhalers

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM INHALER METERED DOSE KIT WITH CARRYING CASE 6515013200225 EA 7.82 ... 

Anabousi S, Bakowsky U, Schneider M, Huwer H, Lehr CM, Ehrhardt C (2006) In vitro assessment of transferrin-conjugated liposomes as drug delivery systems for inhalation therapy of lung cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 29(5) 367-374... 

Pharmaceuticals, for the purpose of this book, means chemical compounds that are used in pharmaceutical production. This can comprise the active ingredient, which is also called active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or drug substance or drug product and the inert pharmaceutical ingredients (excipients) that are used to formulate a drug product in the form of tablets, capsules, ointments, creams, lotions, parenterals, inhalers, and a variety of drug delivery systems. 

This list is not exhaustive. Many other manufacturers, in both the United States and Europe, are developing dry powder inhalation drug-delivery systems. 

Arnum, P. V. (2007), 3M drug delivery systems advances inhalation and transdermal drug delivery, Pharm. Technol. Online, available http //www.pharmtech.com, Jan. 31. 

A composition based on diketopiperazine derivatives (3,6-bis (N-fumaryl-N-(n-butyl) amino-2, 5-diketopiperazine) has been investigated as a pulmonary drug delivery system, termed Technospheres (Pharmaceutical Discovery Corp., Elmsford, NY) (Pohl et al. 2000 Steiner et al. 2002). The diketopiperazine derivatives self-assemble into microparticles at low pH with a mean diameter of approximately 2 pm. During self-assembly, diketopiperazine derivatives microencapsulate peptides present in the solution. Insulin incorporated in diketopiperazine derivatives (TI) was administered to five healthy humans by the use of a capsule-based inhaler with a passive powder deagglomeration mechanism. Relative and absolute bioavailability of TI in the first 3 hours (0-180 min) were 26 12% and 15 5%, and for 6 hours (0-360 min) 16 8% and 16 6%, respectively (Steiner et al. 2002). The time to peak action for glucose infusion rates was shorter with both IV (14 6 min) injection and inhalation (39 36 min), as compared to SC administration (163 25 min). This rapid absorption of insulin would be beneficial for diabetic patients who need to rapidly affect their glucose levels. 

Aerosols can be generated by three main drug delivery systems nebulizers, pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI), and dry powder inhaler (DPI). 

Intimately related to these factors is the design of the device, formulation, and the interface with the patient. Much of the discussion below will focus on the implications of excipients on formulation challenges for inhaled aerosol products. This chapter summarizes excipients for pulmonary formulations from several perspectives (i) excipient selection based on principles of delivery, (ii) physicochemical requirements for excipients, and (iii) specific challenges for formulations faced with aerosol drug delivery systems, including (a) biological aspects, (b) microbiological aspects, (c) analytical issues, and (d) future prospects. 

Ross DL, Gabrio BJ. Advances in metered dose inhaler technology with the development of a chlorofluorocarbon-free drug delivery system. J Aerosol Med 1999 12(3) 151-160. 

Olsson, B., and Trofast, J. Dry powder inhalers A powerful drug delivery system. Eur. Pharm. Rev. 3(l) 71-76, 1998. 

Table 2 lists the most-prescribed anti-inflammatory steroids on the U.S. market today. Table 2 shows that some of the first compounds to be marketed still have a place in the treatment of inflammatory disease 50 years and more after their discovery. Table 2 also illustrates that continued effort to improve potency, to increase safety and to find better drug delivery systems (e.g., inhalers) succeeded in creating marketable products into the 1990s. Today very little, if any, research is going on to find improved steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. Some work continues in the pharmaceutical development area mostly to improve the formulation of existing molecules and to find better delivery systems. 

Markert M, Klumpp A, Trautmann T, Guth BD (2004) A novel propellant-free inhalation drug delivery system for cardiovascular safety pharmacology evaluations in dogs. Journal of Pharmacological and toxicological Methods 50 109-119... 

Pandey, R., Sharma, A., Zahoor, A., Sharma, S., Khuller, G K., and Prasad, B. (2003), Poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticle-based inhalable sustained drug delivery system for experimental tuberculosis, I. Antimicrob. Chemother., 52, 981-986. 

Dry powder preparation and formulation are only part of the inhalation drug delivery system. Dispersion of these powders is closely linked to the performance of the inhaler device. 

Atkins, P.J. Barker, N.P. Mathisen, D. The design and development of inhalation drug delivery systems. In Pharmaceutical Inhalation Pressurised Metered-Dose Inhaler Technology, Hickey, A.J., Ed. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1992. 

The Design and Development of Inhalation Drug Delivery Systems... 

Within the pharmaceutical industry, inhalation drug delivery system selection is a pivotal commercial decision. This should be based on factors such as ... 

PREFORMULATION ASPECTS ON INHALATION DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM DESIGN... 

INHALATION DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM DESIGN—NEBULIZED DRUG DELIVERY... 

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