Systemic delivery inhalation

In light of the information presented, it appears that liposomes have much to offer as an improved delivery system for inhaled bronchodilators as they can provide sustained release, solubilization, stability, and safety in an inhalable formulation. 

Sakagami M (2006) In vivo, in vitro and ex vivo models to assess pulmonary absorption and disposition of inhaled therapeutics for systemic delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 58 1030-1060. 

Anabousi S, Bakowsky U, Schneider M, Huwer H, Lehr CM, Ehrhardt C (2006) In vitro assessment of transferrin-conjugated liposomes as drug delivery systems for inhalation therapy of lung cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 29(5) 367-374... 

Gonda I (2006) Systemic delivery of drugs to humans via inhalation. J Aerosol Med 19 47-53... 

Nicotine Nasal Spray (Nicolrol NS) [Smoking Deterrent/ Cholinergic] Uses Aid to smoking cessation, relieve nicotine withdrawal Action Systemic delivery of nicotine Dose 0.5 mg/actuation 1-2 sprays/h, 10 sprays/h max Caution [D, M] Contra Life-threatening arrhythmias, unstable angina Disp Nasal inhaler SE Local irritation, tach, HA, taste p v sion Interactions T Effects W/ cimetidine, black cohosh t effects OF catecholamines, cortisol T hemodynamic AV blocking effects OF adenosine EMS See Nicotine Gum OD See Nicotine Gum... 

Arnum, P. V. (2007), 3M drug delivery systems advances inhalation and transdermal drug delivery, Pharm. Technol. Online, available http //www.pharmtech.com, Jan. 31. 

Garcia-Contreras L, Smyth HDC. Dry-powder and liquid spray systems for inhaled delivery of peptide and proteins. Am J Drug Delivery 2005 3(1) 29—45. 

Edwards DA, Valente AX, Man J, Tsapis N. Recent advances related to the systemic delivery of therapeutic molecules by inhalation. In Hickey A, ed. Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology. 2d ed. New York Marcel Dekker, 2004 541-550. 

It is evident that drugs for application via the inhaled route have to be provided in the form of very small particles. As already described, the aerodynamic particle size should be in the range of 1 to 5 pm for topical delivery to treat the respiratory system (Moren 1987) and ideally below 3 pm to reach the alveoli and to enter the circulation for systemic delivery (Byron and Patton 1994 Patton and Platz 1992 Gupta and Hickey 1991). 

Leuprolide acetate Treatment of prostate cancer Rat Human male volunteer Inhalation, intranasal administration Successful systemic delivery via lung Bioavailability of suspension aerosols four-fold greater than that of solution aerosol [72]... 

Codrons, V., et al. (2003) Systemic delivery of parathyroid hormone (1-34) using inhalation dry powders in rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 92 p. 938-950. 

Although routine oral delivery of proteins has not been realized, some protein formulations have been developed for pulmonary delivery. Pulmonary delivery can result in either parenteral or local administration of the drug and, like oral delivery, is considered non-invasive. As with other routes of delivery, the size of the protein may limit its ability to be delivered systemi-cally via the pulmonary route of administration. Pulmozyme , a DNase-based formulation approved for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), is delivered to the lungs by a nebulizer to clear blockage of the airways in the CF patient.Formulations for insulin to be administered by inhalation for systemic delivery of... 

Recent Advances Related to the Systemic Delivery of Therapeutic Molecules by Inhalation... 

There are two subjects areas I will include in this discussion (1) the administration of inhaled medications for systemic delivery, and (2) new aerosol applications for the treatment of lung diseases. 

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