Inhalation delivery

A. L. Adjei and P. K. Gupta, Inhalation Delivery of Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1997. 

Adjei A, Sundberg D, Miller J, Chun A (1992) Bioavailability of leuprolide acetate following nasal and inhalation delivery to rats and healthy humans. Pharm Res 9 244-249. 

Some direct comparisons of DPI and MDI for the same drug have been made in the interest of developing alternative, but comparable, products for patients. The thera-peutie performance of inhalation delivery systems is as dependent on the patient as it is on the product itself Therefore, some demonstration of elinieal eomparability is generally required to support product substitution. 

Labiris NR, Dolovich MB. Pulmonary drug delivery. Part II the role of inhalant delivery devices and drug formulations in therapeutic effectiveness of aerosolized medications. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003 56(6) 600-12. 

Garcia-Contreras L, Smyth HDC. Dry-powder and liquid spray systems for inhaled delivery of peptide and proteins. Am J Drug Delivery 2005 3(1) 29—45. 

Choi WS, Murthy GG, Edwards DA, Langer R, Klibanov AM. Inhalation delivery of proteins from ethanol suspensions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 98(20) 11103-11107. 

The active inhaler made by Nektar Therapeutics (formerly Inhale Therapeutic Systems, United States), called Pulmonary Delivery System (PDS), mechanically compresses a fixed volume of air required for delivery and dispersion of a premetered dry-powder unit dose by a spring-loaded pump (Fig. 8.10). Generation of the respirable aerosol cloud thus is independent of the inspiration effort exerted by the patient. The aerosol is generated in a transparent holding chamber that acts as a spacer from which the patient inhales the standing cloud of particles (Patton 1997). The PDS device is actually close to market for inhaled delivery of insulin under the trade name Exubera. 

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