Micro-infrared spectroscopy

M. (2005) Infrared micro-spectroscopy of human cells causes for the spectral variance of oral mucosa (buccal) cells. Vih. Spectrosc., 42, 9-14. 

Correction of dispersive line shape artifact observed in diffuse reflection infrared spectroscopy and absorption/reflection (transflection) infrared micro-spectroscopy. Vib. Spectrosc., 38, 129-32. 

N Duran and R Angelo. Infrared Micro spectroscopy in the Pulp and Paper-Making Industry. App/. Spectrosc. Rev. 33 219-236, 1998. 

Infrared Micro-Spectroscopy of Molecules In Single Crystals or Powders of Zeolites... 

Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 5, No.2, June 1999, p.81-6 FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED MICRO SPECTROSCOPY MAPPING STUDIES OF WEATHERED PVC CAPSTOCK TYPE FORMULATIONS. II. OUTDOOR WEATHERING IN PENNSYLVANIA Garcia D Black J... 

Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 3,No.3, Sept. 1997, p.200-4 FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED MICRO SPECTROSCOPY MAPPING. APPLICATIONS TO THE VINYL SIDING INDUSTRY Garcia D Black J Elf Atochem NA... 

A better understanding of NNSM-induced morphological changes has been initiated by employing synchrotron-based infrared micro-spectroscopy. In this recent study [17], authors have chosen three common semi-crystalline and amorphous polymers for blending Hydrophobic polymers polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) labelled hereafter PS/PET and PET/PMMA. The results of such studies clearly show the potential of the synchrotron technique to detect the transition region between the two polymers, and provide evidence for the fluctuations in blend concentration for PS/PMMA. 

One recent work illustrates a good example of an orientational polymer study [21]. The molecular mechanisms involved in the residual stress in relation to shape memory effects in glassy amorphous starch has been investigated using a combination of synchrotron-based Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) and polarized SR infrared micro-spectroscopy. The aim of this study was to analyse and better understand the structural anisotropy... 

This synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy study serves as a proof of concept, and should help motivate further work in this field. 

Three different ZSM-5 crystal types have been studied by synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy, namely parent zeolite (ZSM-5-P), mildly treated zeolite (ZSM-5-MT) and severely treated zeolite (ZSM-5-ST). The goal is to compare the influence of different dealumination conditions on the molecular diffusion and reactivity of individual ZSM-5 crystals. Synchrotron-based IR micro-spectroscopy [34] was used in combination with pyridine adsorption. Pyridine, having a molecular dimension of 0.57 nm, is able to diffuse throughout the micropore system of ZSM-5 and allows the detection of all acidic sites present within the zeolite material [35]. The sorption of pyridine was introduced at room temperature and the samples were subsequently heated up to 573 K and 673 K. The Bronsted acid sites, giving rise to IR spectra of adsorbed pyridine at around 1545 cm , allow the visualization of differences in the nature and strength of the acid sites in the zeolite crystals under investigation. Fig. 4 shows the IR spectra of the adsorbed pyridine collected at room temperature, 573 K and 673 K for the ZSM-5-P, ZSM-5-MT and ZSM-5-ST crystals. 

X-ray diffraction, most often using synchrotron radiation sources, is the main technique for studying structural phase transitions in solids. Often such studies are complemented by synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy to further explore the pressure-dependent IR optical density of the samples, as exemplified by the recent work on structural change of multiferroic BiFeOa [46] and multiferroic hexagonal RMn03 ( R = Y,Ho,Lu) [47]. 

Miller, L.M. et al (2001) In situ analysis of mineral content and crystallinity in bone using infrared micro-spectroscopy of the nu(4) PO(4)(3-) vibration. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1527 (1-2), 11-19. 

Bird, B. et al (2008) Cytology by infrared micro-spectroscopy automatic distinction of cell types in urinary cytology. Vib. Spectrosc., 48 (1), 101-106. 

Mazur, A.L (2013) Spectral pathology automated classification of cytological and histological specimens utilizing infrared micro-spectroscopy, in Chemistry Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA,... 

N. S. (2005) Synchrotron Fourier transform infrared micro spectroscopy a new tool to monitor the fate of organic contaminants in plants. Microchem. J.,... 

Although a number of secondary minerals have been predicted to form in weathered CCB materials, few have been positively identified by physical characterization methods. Secondary phases in CCB materials may be difficult or impossible to characterize due to their low abundance and small particle size. Conventional mineral identification methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis fail to identify secondary phases that are less than 1-5% by weight of the CCB or are X-ray amorphous. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), can often identify phases not seen by XRD. Additional analytical methods used to characterize trace secondary phases include infrared (IR) spectroscopy, electron microprobe (EMP) analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and various synchrotron radiation techniques (e.g., micro-XRD, X-ray absorption near-eidge spectroscopy [XANES], X-ray absorption fine-structure [XAFSJ). 

Some of the techniques described in this chapter used most widely today are Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron-probe micro-analysis, low energy electron diffraction, scanning electron microscope, ion scattering spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The solid surface, after liberation of electrons, can be analyzed directly by AES, XPS, ISS, and EPMA (nondestructive techniques), or by liberation of ions from surfaces using SIMS (involving the destruction of the surface). Apart from the surface techniques, reflectance-absorbance infrared (RAIR) spectroscopy has also been employed for film characterization (Lindsay et al., 1993 Yin et al., 1993). Some... 

NADH by fluorescence Raman (Micro-) Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy Pyrolysis Mass Spectroscopy NMR spectroscopy Lipid pattern by GC Some Small key metabolites Some enzyme activities Stress markers by electrophoresis or mRNA blot Small key metabolites... 

Infrared microscopes are commercially available from a number of companies worldwide, and operate much like conventional visible light microscopes. The IR radiation follows the same path as the sample iUumination Ught, so that IR micro-spectroscopy can be performed on the sample at the center of the viewing field. Because of their design, they are also equipped with a number of convenient methods for enhanced sample visualization. These include polarized light (visible and IR), fluorescence illumination and differential interference contrast (DIG), all of which are well known and frequently used to identify biological sample histology. 

Long-term oxidative degradation of an ion-beam irradiated polymer was studied. Silicon oxide thin layers were deposited on the surfaces of high density polyethylene (HDPE) to suppress the oxygen permeation. HDPE samples irradiated with a C6+ ion-beam were stored up to 12 months after the irradiation and the evolution of the chemical structure was followed by micro-Fourier transform infrared (micro-FT-IR) spectroscopy. Silicon oxide layers were found effective to suppress the long-term oxidative degradation of the ion-irradiated polymer. 

Fig. 6. Solid line CO response measured by infrared absorption spectroscopy at the outlet of a converter containing a Pt/Rh/Al 0 pelleted catalyst. Dashed line computed instantaneous response. The area between the two curves shows that transient chemical processes in the catalyst resulted in enhanced conversion of 44 micro-mol of CO, on average, per gram of catalyst (ref.8).

Isomorphous substitution of boron into the MFI structure to produce [B]ZSM-5 was carried out and investigated via FTIR micro-spectroscopy ( infrared microscopy ) of single crystals by Jansen et al. [308]. Typical bands were observed at 1380 and 905 cm. The integrated band intensity of the 905 cm" band was used as a quantitative measure of the boron content, and the boron distribution in the single crystals was shown to be homogeneous. 

Jiang EY (1999) Heterogeneity smdies of a single particle/ fibre by using Fourier transform infrared micro-sampling photoacoustic spectroscopy. Applied Spectroscopy 53 583-587. 

However, over the last decade, important advances have been made in IR micro-spectroscopy with a synchrotron source [16], which can provide new opportunities and motivation for the study of polymeric materials. The most utilized key synchrotron parameter for this community is the ability, thanks to the source brightness, to differentiate the chemical nature of the constituents in multicomponent polymeric systems. When the sizes of the different domains are in the range of the IR wavelength (micron scale), the spatial differentiation and study of each of these domains is possible using SR-FTIR micro-spectroscopy. Such analytical tools allow the study of various aspects related to the chemical composition, structure and morphology of the polymeric materials. Some of the areas that have benefited from synchrotron infrared over the last four years are reviewed in this section. 

Infrared synchrotron micro-spectroscopy is also an appropriate method for identifying and visualizing the existence of localized water at buried interfaces, particularly between multilayers of polymers. It was recently shown that water inclusions can be imaged at the buried interface of solid-contact-ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) [22]. In this study a poly(methyl metha-crylate)-poly(decyl methacyrlate) [PMMA-PDMA] copolymer was used. Since the PMMA-PDMA copolymer is known to be water repellent and unsuitable for water sorption at measurable levels in the bulk membrane, the detection (or non-detection) of water by reflectance SR-FTIR is symbolic of the presence (or absence) of localized zones of water at the buried interface of a solid-contact ISE employing PMMA-PDMA as the sensing membrane. In fact, SR-FTIR revealed the presence of micrometer-sized inclusions of water at the gold-to-membrane interface, whereas coupling a hydrophobic solid contact of poly(3-octylthiophene 2,5-diyl) (POT) prevented the accumulation of water at the buried interface (Fig. 2) [22]. 

Hu J., Ultra-sensitive chemical vapor detection using micro-cavity photothermal spectroscopy. Opt Express, 18, 22174-22186 (2010). Lin H., Zou Y, and Hu J., Double resonance 1-D photonic crystal cavities for single-molecule mid-infrared photothermal spectroscopy Theory and design. Opt Lett, 37,1304-1206 (2012). 

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