Raman fluorescence

Spectroscopy, aimual reviews of new analytical instmmentation from the Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and AppHed Spectroscopy. Analytical Chemisty, "Fundamental Reviews" (June 1994, June 1996), analytical appHcations of infrared, ultraviolet, atomic absorption, emission, Raman, fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence, and x-ray spectroscopy. 

A single optical fibre cannot be a suitable tool for the last mentioned application as well as for many others arranged in the reflection layout. For these applications individual optical fibres are collected to sets - bundles. Such optical elements are particularly convenient for image transmission. In chemical sensing, fibre bundles can be employed for remote Raman, fluorescence or absorption spectroscopy4,40, for visualisation etc. The... 

Cornard, J.-P., Barbillat, J., and Merlin, J.-C., Performance of a versatile multichannel microprobe in Raman, fluorescence, and absorption measurements. Microbeam Anal, 3, 13, 1994. 

Other techniques previously described for general investigation of tautomeric equilibria (76AHC(S1)1> involve heats of combustion, relaxation times, polarography, refractive index, molar refractivity, optical rotation, X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, neutron diffraction, Raman, fluorescence, phosphorescence and photoelectron spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The application of several of these techniques to tautomeric studies has been discussed in previous sections. Other results from the more important of these will be referred to later in this section. 

Schrader, B., Micro Raman, Fluorescence, and Scattering Spectroscopy of Single Particles, in Physical and Chemical Characterization of Individual Airborne Particles (K. R. Spurny, Ed.), Chap. 19, pp. 358-379, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1986. 

Inelastic (shifted) scattering Gas Raman Fluorescence Nonlinear processes Temperature and component densities Nonequilibrium OK Wide range of signal strengths and complexities to obtain detailed data from various systems, including hostile environments... 

Fig. 8.8 Optical images (at an active zone I) of isolated silver clusters electrodeposited onto ITO by means of the double-pulse method ( i = —1,550 mV 2 = —VOO mV, 25 s) [37] (a) Scanning confocal microscopy image (topography mode), (b) Raman/fluorescence image of the same sample area, (c) SEM image corresponding to (a) and (b)...

The result of this comparison is that the location of the Raman/fluorescence spots and the center of the clusters are not identical. The Raman/fluorescence spots are located close to surface structures, for example, the necks of the cluster agglomerations. To get even more insight into the surface structure around the light spots of Fig. 8.8b, the corresponding SEM image of the same structure could be found and is presented in Fig. 8.8c. There is clear evidence that the center of the Raman spot is a structure with two or more clusters in contact. 

Many methods for detennination of molecular order can only measure P2) [Mcbl, Warl]. Among them are measurements of the infrared dichroism and of the refractive index. P2) and P4) can be determined by Raman fluorescence depolarization and from wideline NMR spectra. However, X-ray diffraction and lineshape analysis of resonances from isolated NMR interactions can also provide higher moments. 

FOUR-WAVE MIXING, SPONTANEOUS RAMAN, FLUORESCENCE LINESHAPES 167... 

FOUR-WAVE MIXING, SPONTANEOUS RaMaN, FLUORESCENCE LINESHAPES 205... 

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