Influence of waves

As follows from Equation (3.169), if the frequency of free vibrations obeys the condition coo< very small s(t) oc l/oP. Taking into account this fact, it is possible to greatly reduce the influence of waves. Besides, a relatively strong attenuation allows one to decrease an effect of free vibrations caused by this force. 

Ward, L.G, Kemp, W.M., and Boynton, W.R. (1984) The influence of waves and seagrass communities on suspended particles in an estuarine embayment. Mar. Geol. 59, 85-103. 

The explanation of observed effects of modifying influence of vibrowave treatment on multiphase systems which is carried out by the direct excitation of nonlinear vibrations in a resonant regime and is observed further at the formation of properties of films and other compositions based on the dispersions, undergone by the vibrowave treatment, it is possible to explain by the occurance of the factor of "memory" as an element of hereditary mechanics [16-18], The carrier of such a "memory" is the structural-morphological organization of the examined multiphase systems, and the influence of wave action in a sound range of frequencies is observed at different levels of the structural organization. 

The formulae (22.5), (22.6), and (22.7) are given for perpendicular waves only. Based on a limited set of data, van der Meer et and Wang et al. analyzed the effects of oblique wave attack on wave transmission. With increasing incident wave angle / , Kt tends to decrease and the obliquity of the transmitted wave / t is a little smaller than the incident / . The influence of wave obliquity on transmission is more evident for smooth structures, where it results proportional to cos / / , and hardly observable for rubble LCBs. The deviation of transmitted waves (obliquity reduced to about 80%) can be interpreted as refraction of the average wave due to spectral change and reduced nonlinearity of transmitted waves. Explanation of effects is provided in Wang et al. ... 

M. R. A. van Gent, E. M. Coeveld, D. J. Walstra, J. van de Graaff, H. J. Steetzel and M. Boers, Dune erosion tests to study the influence of wave periods on dune erosion, Proc. Int. Conf. Coast. Eng., ASCE, San Diego (2006). 

Solutions have been obtained for the cyclic variation of film thickness and pressure under conditions representative of the ankle joint in level walking. A single-elded roughness model of the form depicted In Figure 2 has been adopted and results are presented for an undeformed sinusoidal roughness profile of amplitude 1 and wavelength 1 mn. Detailed consideration of the Influence of wave amplitude and roughness upon film thickness under quasi-static conditions has been reported elsewhere by the authors (8). 

Alavi, D.S., Hartman, R.S., and Waldeck, D.H. (1991). The influence of wave vector dependent dielectric properties on rotational frietion. Rotational diffusion of phenoxazine dyes. J. Chem. Phys. 95 6770-6783. 

The benefit of such a model is that better understanding of the wave propagation process may be gained. Also, it is possible to make controlled parameter studies in order to understand the influence of e.g. defect orientation, probe angle and frequency on the test results. Results may be presented as A-, B- or C-scans. 

In this work, a microwave interferometric method and apparatus for vibration measurements is described. The principle of operation is based on measurement of the phase of reflected electromagnetic wave changing due to vibration. The most important features of the method are as follows simultaneous measurement of tlie magnitude and frequency of the rotating object high measurement accuracy weak influence of the roll diameter, shape and distance to the object under test. Besides, tlie reflecting surface can be either metallic or non-metallic. Some technical characteristics are given. 

We used the concept of sound velocity dispersion for explanation of the shift of pulse energy spectrum maximum, transmitted through the medium, and correlation of the shift value with function of medium heterogeneity. This approach gives the possibility of mathematical simulation of the influence of both medium parameters and ultrasonic field parameters on the nature of acoustic waves propagation in a given medium. 

This study detects the defect of the void and the exfoliation in the solid phase diffusion bonding interface of ductile cast iron and stainless steel with a nickel insert metal using ultrrasonic testing method, and examine the influence of mutual interference of the reflectional wave both the defect and the interface. 

Therefore, the ultrasonic testing method in the diffusion joint of the dissimiler materials shall considered the influence of the interference with the reflective wave. 

The use of the surface ultrasonic waves seems to be convenient for these purposes. However, this method has not found wide practical application. Peculiarities of excitation, propagation and registration of surface waves created before these time great difficulties for their application in automatic systems of duality testing. It is connected with the fact that the surface waves are weakened by soil on the surface itself In addition, the methods of testing by the surface waves do not yield to automation due to the difficulties of creation of the acoustic contact. In particular, a flow of contact liquid out of the zone of an acoustic line, presence of immersion liquid, availability of chink interval leads to the adsorption and reflection of waves on tlie front meniscus of a contact layer. The liquid for the acoustic contact must be located only in the places of contact, otherwise the influence on the amplitude will be uncontrolled. This phenomenon distorts the results of testing procedure. 

In order to illustrate some of the basic aspects of the nonlinear optical response of materials, we first discuss the anliannonic oscillator model. This treatment may be viewed as the extension of the classical Lorentz model of the response of an atom or molecule to include nonlinear effects. In such models, the medium is treated as a collection of electrons bound about ion cores. Under the influence of the electric field associated with an optical wave, the ion cores move in the direction of the applied field, while the electrons are displaced in the opposite direction. These motions induce an oscillating dipole moment, which then couples back to the radiation fields. Since the ions are significantly more massive than the electrons, their motion is of secondary importance for optical frequencies and is neglected. 

From a more general point of view, components k-, ]=x,y,z of a wave vector k which describes the influence of all gradient pulses may be defined as follows k i) = yCi,U ) dif For the 2D unaging pulse sequence... 

Schuck P 1996 Kinetics of iigand binding to receptors immobiiized in a poiymer matrix, as detected with an evanescent wave biosensor, i. A computer simuiation of the influence of mass transport Biophys. J. 70 1230-49... 

This experiment describes the determination of the stability (cumulative formation) constant for the formation of Pb(OH)3 by measuring the shift in the half-wave potential for the reduction of Pb + as a function of the concentration of OH . The influence of ionic strength is also considered, and results are extrapolated to zero ionic strength to determine the thermodynamic formation constant. 

The ideas developed in this chapter are descriptive of shock waves in fluids. Solids have many significant features that distinguish them from liquids and gases, such as shear strength, polymorphic phase transformations, heterogeneous structure, anisotropy, and viscoplastic behavior. The influences of these special properties of solids on shock compression are the topics of several of the other chapters, and for the most part are ignored in this introduction to the basic principles of shock compression. 

Influence of Shock-Wave Deformation on the Structure/Property Behavior of Materials... 

In this chapter, we will review the effects of shock-wave deform.ation on material response after the completion of the shock cycle. The techniques and design parameters necessary to implement successful shock-recovery experiments in metallic and brittle solids will be discussed. The influence of shock parameters, including peak pressure and pulse duration, loading-rate effects, and the Bauschinger effect (in some shock-loaded materials) on postshock structure/property material behavior will be detailed. 

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