Incident wave

Let us consider the scheme showed in Fig. I to calculate the field scattered by a rough cylindrical surface (i.e. a wire). The wire is illuminated by a monochromatic, linearly polarized plane wave at an angle of incidence a with its axis of symmetry. The surface is described, in a system fixed to the wire, by p = h (cylindrical coordinates. We shall denote the incident wave vector lying on the x-z plane as kj and the emergent wave vector simply as k. 

In this approximation, the wave fiinction is identical to the incident wave (first tenn) plus an outgoing spherical wave multiplied by a complex scattering factor... 

This relation is a direct consequence of the conservation of flux. The target casts a shadow in the forward direction where the intensity of the incident beam becomes reduced by just that amount which appears in the scattered wave. This decrease in intensity or shadow results from interference between the incident wave and the scattered wave in the forward direction. Figure B2.2.2 for the density P (r) of section B2.2.6 illustrates... 

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scatttering, or CARS as it is usually known, depends on the general phenomenon of wave mixing, as occurs, for example, in a frequency doubling crystal (see Section 9.1.6). In that case three-wave mixing occurs involving two incident waves of wavenumber v and the outgoing wave of wavenumber 2v. 

E = voltage of the incident wave (incoming wave) /T = voltage of the reflected wave. 

Note Cable junction b has a high refraction and reflection. Arrester would be essential to protect the cable rather than the transformer, if 2Vi > BIL of the cable. If the cable is long enough say. > 50 metre or so, the natural dampening of Ihe incident wave up to junction b may be enough and may not cause any harmful effect even without the arrester... 

An object struck by a blast wave experiences a loading. This loading has two aspects. First, the incident wave induces a transient pressure distribution over the... 

In Figure 3.8a, a plane shock wave is moving toward a rigid structure. As the incident wave encounters the front wall, the portion striking the wall is reflected and builds up a local, reflected overpressure. For weak waves, the reflected overpressure is slightly greater than twice the incident (side-on) overpressure. As the incident (side-on) overpressure increases, the reflected pressure multiplier increases. See Appendix C, Eq. (C-1.4). 

Figure 02. Position of human body. (A) No obstruction of incident wave P P,. (B) Diffraction of incident wave P = P, + 0. (C) Body subjected to reflection (standing) P = P,. (D) Body subjected to reflection (prone) P = P, (Bowen et al. 1968).

If M]>M2, then, if 6 2 = 90°, sin 6 1 =M2/mj. The incident angle at this moment is called the critical angle, designated by 9. If the incident angle is larger than the critical angle (6 1 >0c), then the incident wave will be totally reflected back to Medium 1. This is known as total reflection. 

This oscillating dipole will radiate a secondary wave of the same frequency, which may be observed along the direction OP making an angle 6 with the direction (x-axis) of the incident wave. The scattered wave will be polarized in the plane defined by P and the 2 -axis. The electric intensity Es c of the scattered wave will depend on the acceleration of the induced electric moment, i.e., on d pldC-. Specifically the amplitude o.sec of the wave scattered in the direction OP will depend on the amplitude of (1/c ) d pldt ) calculated from Eq. (14), on the projection of the moment perpendicular to the direction P in the plane, and inversely on the distance r from the scatterer. Thus,... 

To calculate the intensity of scattered radiation along the direction P when the incident wave is unpolarized, let the incident wave of intensity lo be resolved into two components of equal intensity... 

The term exp[iax] in equations (2.47) indicates travel in the positive x-direction, while exp[—iax] refers to travel in the opposite direction. The coefficient A is, then, the amplitude of the incident wave, B is the amplitude of the reflected wave, and F is the amplitude of the transmitted wave. In region III, the particle moves in the positive x-direction, so that G is zero. The relative probability of tunneling is given by the transmission coefficient T... 

In a bath-type sonochemical reactor, a damped standing wave is formed as shown in Fig. 1.13 [1]. Without absorption of ultrasound, a pure standing wave is formed because the intensity of the reflected wave from the liquid surface is equivalent to that of the incident wave at any distance from the transducer. Thus the minimum acoustic-pressure amplitude is completely zero at each pressure node where the incident and reflected waves are exactly cancelled each other. In actual experiments, however, there is absorption of ultrasound especially due to cavitation bubbles. As a result, there appears a traveling wave component because the intensity of the incident wave is higher than that of the reflected wave. Thus, the local minimum value of acoustic pressure amplitude is non-zero as seen in Fig. 1.13. It should be noted that the acoustic-pressure amplitude at the liquid surface (gas-liquid interface) is always zero. In Fig. 1.13, there is the liquid surface... 

When microwaves travel along a waveguide terminated by the microwave heating application (for example a resonant cavity loaded by the object to be heated) a reflected wave travels back towards the source. The wave traveling towards the termination is called the incident wave and the wave traveling back to the magnetron is... 

With analogy to electric circuits, a transfer function of the antenna can be calculated and the response of the antenna to an incoming wave obtained. The output signal is usually expressed as antenna cross-section. It is defined as the ratio between the total energy absorbed by the antenna and the incident spectral density function of the incident wave. In the case of Nautilus antenna (2300 kg, 3 x 0.6 m) the cross-section is of the order of 10 25m2 Hz. 

Hence the intensity ratio of reflected to incident waves is... 

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