Inflammation curcumin

A series of natural and synthetic products have also shown antiamyloid properties as amyloid scavengers or P-breakers. One example is the phenolic yellow curry pigment curcumin, which has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and can suppress oxidative damage, inflammation, cognitive deficits, and amyloid... 

The importance of NF-kB to inflammation, apoptosis resistance and tumour progression has resulted in the development of unique NF-kB inhibitors as part of cancer therapeutic regimens for GI and other cancers. Efforts are also being made to understand the efficacy of using natural substances obtained from plants, such as feverfew (e.g. parthenolide), bee glue (e.g. caffeic acid phenylethyl ester), tea (e.g. EGCG), spices (e.g. curcumin from turmeric) and mulberry figs (e.g. morin, a flavone) for the prevention both of persistent NF-kB activation and of the development of inflammatory pre-neoplastic lesions. 

Curcumin (108) Polyphenol Curcumin (108) Inflammation Various anti- Phase I/II Being conducted by 690-692... 

Biswas S, Rahman I. 2008. Modulation of steroid activity in chronic inflammation A novel anti-inflammatory role for curcumin. Mol Nutr Food Res 52 987-994. 

Turmeric. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a member of the ginger family and has traditionally been used as a spice that adds flavor and color to mustard and curry powder. It comes from India and southern Asia, where the stalk of the plant is scalded, dried, and made into a powder, tablet, capsule, ointment, cream, lotion, or tea. The best-characterized ingredient of turmeric is a substance called curcumin. Curcumin is an antioxidant that also causes certain cells in the body to release steroids such as cortisol, which help fight inflammation... 

Satoskar, R.R., Shah, S.J. and Shenoy, S.G. (1986) Evaluation of anti-inflammatory property of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) in patients with postoperative inflammation. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Theoretical Toxiclogy 24, 651-654. 

Srivastava, R. and Srimal, R.C. (1985) Modification of certain inflammation-induced biochemical changes by curcumin. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 81,215-223. 

Reactive oxygen species inhibitors consisting of curcumin derivatives, (IV), were prepared by Pandol (4) and are used in treating inflammation disorders associated with pancreatitis. 

The principal use of the drug today is in treatment of acid, flatulent or atonic dyspepsic ulcers, and pain and inflammation due to rheumatoid arthritis. The antiinflammatory activity of Curcumas radix has been demonstrated in animal models, its effectiveness being similar to hydrocortisone acetate and indometh-acin. Curcumin and its derivatives are the active antiinflammatory constituents, and its activity appears to be mediated through the inhibition of the enzymes trypsin and hyaluronidase. Clinical studies (randomised, double-blind)... 

Essential oils have also been shown to be useful as anti-inflammatory agents. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Ocimum sanctum fixed oil have been evaluated recently [220]. The results reported are consistent with the folk medicine use of different parts of this plant for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammation. The results of an investigation on the anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids of Baphia nitida, another plant used in folk medicine, were recently reported [221]. The flavo no id-rich fraction of the leaf, obtained by a chromatographic process, was formulated into an ointment and exhibited significant antiinflammatory activity in several rodent inflammation models. The inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) and interleukin-1(3 (IL-1), mediators in many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, by curcumin (111), a phytochemical isolated from the plant Curcuma longa Linn, was recently reported [222]. This report shows that, in vitro, curcumin (111), at 5 (J.M, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-a and IL-1 by a human monocytic macrophage cell line. 

Turmeric has been used for the treatment of inflammation for thousands of years in Asian countries. The active constituents were found to be curcuminoids, including curcumin as well as its two natural analogs, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin [7], Demethoxycurcumin showed the most potent anti-inflammatory activity among these three natural curcuminoids [8]. According to present studies, curcumin acts by diverse anti-inflammatory mechanisms and at several sites along the inflammation pathway, which are summarized in Fig. (3) [9]. 

Fig. (3). Sites of action of curcumin along the inflammation pathway [9] MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 COX-II, cyclo-oxygenase-II TNF, tumor necrosis factor IL-12, interleukin-12.

Ayurvedic medicine also uses herbal compounds both internally and externally for symptom relief. Topical curcumin may relieve the inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis. When taken in capsule form, it can reduce morning stiffness and boost endurance. A combination of Withania somnifera, Boswellia serrata, and Cucurma tonga also caused a significant drop in pain and disability for study participants with osteoarthritis. 

Satoskar et al. evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin in patients with postoperative inflammation. They studied 46 male patients (between the ages of 15 and 68 years) having inguinal hernia and/or hydrocoele. After the hernia operation, spermatic cord edema, and tenderness were evaluated. Either curcumin (400mg) or placebo (250mg lactose) or phenylbutazone (lOOmg) was administered three times a day for a period of 5 days from the first postoperative day. Curcumin was found to be quite safe, and phenylbutazone and curcumin produced a better anti-inflammatoiy response than placebo. ... 

Chuang, S.E., Cheng, A.L., Lin, J.K., and Kuo, M.L., Inhibition by curcumin of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic hyperplasia, inflammation, cellular gene products and cell-cycle-related proteins in rats, Foorf Client. Toxicol, 38 (11) 991-995,2000. 

Kumar, V., Lewis, S.A., Mutalik, S., Shenoy, D.B., Venkatesh, and Udupa, N., Biodegradable micro-spheres of curcumin for treatmentof inflammation, Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol, 46 (2), 209-217,2002. 

In mice and rats administered turmeric oleoresin (79-85% curcumin) daily in food at doses of 0, 1000, 5000, 10,000, 25,000, or 50,000 ppm (equivalent to average daily doses of 50, 250, 480, 1300, or 2600 mg/kg in males and 60, 300, 550,1450, or 2800 mg/kg in females) for 2 years, an increase in liver weights was observed at the 10,000 ppm dose and above, but no toxic effects were observed. At the highest dose, decreased hematocrit values, hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte counts were significantly lower in rats. Also at that dose, increased incidences of ulcers and chronic inflammation were observed (NTP 1993). 

Curcumin shows very interesting therapeutic properties in the fields of cancer, AIDS, or inflammation, but its use is limited by a low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability. Nanocurc is a dispersion of curcumin, in micelles of synthetic block copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, and poly(ethylene glycol)acrylate. Nanocurc is a water-soluble version of curcumin, with increased bioavailability and activity against tumor growth and metastases. The in vivo studies suggest that Nanocurc allows curcumin to cross the blood-brain barrier and exert an activity against inflammatory damages in the brain associated with Alzheimer s disease. ... 

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