Infant magnesium

FIGURE 19 Choline in infant formula. Columns 4x250mm lonPac CSI2A, and 4x50mm CGI2A. Flow rate I mLmin. Eluent l8mM MSA. Injection volume lOpL. Detection suppressed conductivity, CSRS (4 mm), recycle mode. Ions I— sodium 2—ammonium 3—choline 4—potassium 5—magnesium 6—calcium. Sample preparation add 30 mL of I M HCI to 5 g sample, mix well, place in 70°C water bath for 3 h, cool, filter and dilute to 100 mL. 

UHT processing and storage have no effect on the total calcium content or calcium bioavailability. Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium are shown to be equally bioavailable to rats from UHT milk, raw milk, and traditionally processed milk (Katz et al. 1981). Also, human infants retain similar amounts of calcium, potassium, and phosphorus whether fed UHT milk or conventionally pasteurized milk (Renner 1980 Mehta 1980). Data to date indicate no significant changes in the nutritional value of UHT milk under controlled heat treatment and subsequent storage. 

Kobayashi, A., Kawai, S., Ohbe, Y. and Nagashima, Y. 1975. Effects of dietary lactose and a lactase preparation on the intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium in normal infants. Am J. Clin. Nutr. 28, 681-683. 

Parathyroid Hormone Parathyroid hormone raises plasma calcium by direct effects on bone resorption and renal reabsorption of calcium, and indirectly by regulating the metabolism of vitamin D. It is a peptide and acts via cell surface G-protein receptors linked to adenylate cyclase. The parathyroid glands have G-protein cell surface calcium receptors linked to phospholipase G, and parathyroid hormone is secreted in response to hypocalcemia. Magnesium is required for secretion of the hormone, which may explain the development of hypocalcemia in premature infants who are magnesium deficient. 

Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 17th edn. Rev 1, AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Official Method 984.27. Calcium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, and Zinc in Infant Formula - Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopic Method (2002)... 

Greer, F. R. (1989), Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium How much is too much for infant formulas ]. Nufr. 119, 1846-1851. 

In infants of low birth weight, the use of magnesium-containing antacids has caused hypermagnesemia and intestinal perforation (SEDA-16, 417). 

Greene HL, Hambidge KM, Schanler R, Tsang RC. Guidelines for the use of vitamins, trace elements, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition report of the Subcommittee on Pediatric Parenteral Nutrient Requirements from the Committee on Clinical Practice Issues of the American Society for Chnical Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1988 48 1324-42. 

Cathartics, such as magnesium citrate and sorbitol, were thought to decrease the rate of absorption by increasing gastrointestinal elimination of the poison and the poison-activated charcoal complex, but their value is unproven. Poisoned patients do not routinely require the administration of a cathartic, and it is rarely, if ever, given without concurrent activated charcoal administration. If used, a cathartic should be administered only once and only if bowel sounds are present. Infants, the elderly, and patients with renal failure should be given saline cathartics cautiously, if at all. ... 

Hunt CD and Meacham SL (2001) Aluminum, boron, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc concentrations in common Western foods and estimated daily intakes by infants toddlers and male and female adolescents, adults, and seniors in the United States. J Am Diet Assoc 101 1058-1060. 

Davidsson, L., Ziegler, E., Zeder, C., Waiczyk, T. Murrell, R. (2005) Sodium iron EDTA [NaFe (lll)EDTA] as a food fortificant erythrocyte incorporation of iron and apparent absorption of zinc, copper, calcium, and magnesium from a complementary food based on wheat and soy in healthy infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81,104-109. 

Stearic acid Talc anticaking agent, infant formulas Magnesium phosphate tribasic anticaking agent, pesticides Silica silylate... 

Calcium carbide Calcium cyanamide Di-iron phosphide Magnesium iron oxide removal Citric acid iron processing Bismuth iron refining Calcium cyanamide iron removal Aluminum sulfate iron source Sodium ferric EDTA iron source, food Ferrous fumarate iron source, infant formulas Ferrous fumarate iron source, nutritional food Ferric pyrophosphate iron source, nutritional infant formulas Ferric pyrophosphate iron source, nutritional pharmaceuticals Ferric pyrophosphate iron source, pharmaceuticals Ferrous fumarate iron source, special dietary food Ferric choline citrate iron, tempering Potassium ferricyanide iron/manganese removal, water treatment Calcium hydroxide iron/steel casting Tellurium... 

Vitamin K Wheat (Triticum vulgare) germ Zinc gluconate Zinc methionine sulfate Zinc oxide Zinc stearate Zinc sulfate Zinc sulfate heptahydrate nutrient, gelatin capsules Retinyi paimitate nutrient, geriatric food Lactose monohydrate nutrient, hair care Sodium pantothenate nutrient, health food Lactose monohydrate Octacosanol nutrient, horticulture Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate nutrient, infant formulas Ferric pyrophosphate Ferrous fumarate Ferrous lactate Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate Inositol... 

Fish protein isolate Magnesium lactate Psyllium Vitamin Ki Yeast supplement, infant formulas Arachidonic acid Docosahexaenoic acid supplement, mineral Cobalt diacetate supplement, vitamin (+)-y-Tocopherol supporter, storage batteries 2-Chloronaphthalene suppressant, appetite Guar (Cyanopsis tetragonoloba) gum suppressant, smoke paints Zinc hydroxystannate suppressant, smoke plastics Zinc hydroxystannate Zinc stannate suppressant, smoke rubber Zinc hydroxystannate suppressant, sulfide Ferrous sulfate anhydrous suractant mfg. 

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