Anhydrous sulfate

The reaction can also be carried out with oleum, distilling the chlorosulfuric acid as it forms. Reaction with oxidizing oxyacids such as HNO Hberates chlorine. Anhydrous sulfates of the heavy metals form addition compounds with HCl that can be released by heating the complex to elevated temperatures. The complex CuSO 2HC1 has been used for storage and transport of HCl (23). 

Sodium sulfate decahydrate melts incongmently at 32.4°C to a sulfate Hquid phase and an anhydrous sulfate soHd phase. The presence of other salts, such as NaCl, can depress the melting poiat to 17.9°C. 

Sodium, 22 700 ppm (2.27%) is the seventh most abundant element in crustal rocks and the fifth most abundant metal, after Al, Fe, Ca and Mg. Potassium (18 400 ppm) is the next most abundant element after sodium. Vast deposits of both Na and K salts occur in relatively pure form on all continents as a result of evaporation of ancient seas, and this process still continues today in the Great Salt Lake (Utah), the Dead Sea and elsewhere. Sodium occurs as rock-salt (NaCl) and as the carbonate (trona), nitrate (saltpetre), sulfate (mirabilite), borate (borax, kemite), etc. Potassium occurs principally as the simple chloride (sylvite), as the double chloride KCl.MgCl2.6H2O (camallite) and the anhydrous sulfate K2Mg2(S04)3 (langbeinite). There are also unlimited supplies of NaCl in natural brines and oceanic waters ( 30kgm ). Thus, it has been calculated that rock-salt equivalent to the NaCl in the oceans of the world would occupy... 

Synonyms Anhydrous calcium sulfate anhydrous sulfate of lime gypsum (CaS04-2H20 plaster of paris (CaS04-l/2H20)... 

Synonyms anhydrous calcium sulfate-anhydrite muriacite karstenite anhydrous gypsum anhydrous sulfate of lime hemihydrate-plaster of Paris annalin dried gypsum dried calcium sulfate dihydrate-gypsum alabaster satin spar mineral white terra alha satinite light spar selenite precipitated calcium sulfate native calcium sulfate... 

Reddish-brown hexagonal crystal the pentadecahydrate is a dark green amorphous substance while the octadecahydrate is a violet cubic crystal the densities are 3.10 g/cm (the anhydrous salt), 1.87 g/cm (pentadecahydrate), 1.709/cm (octadecahydrate) the anhydrous sulfate is insoluble in water and acids the hydrate salts are soluble in water the pentadecahydrate is insoluble in alcohol, but the octadecahydrate dissolves in alcohol. 

The pentahydrate occurs in nature as the mineral, chalcanthite the anhydrous sulfate occurs as mineral, hydrocyanite. 

HCl forms adducts with anhydrous sulfates of several metals, such as ZnS04 "21101. HCl combines with sulfur trioxide to produce chlorosulfonic acid ... 

Hydrated nickel sulfate on heating at 103°C loses all of its water molecules. At 848°C, the anhydrous sulfate decomposes to nickel oxide and sulfur trioxide ... 

The anhydrous sulfate is a colorless rhombohedral crystalline solid refractive index 1.658 density 3.54 g/cm decomposes at 600°C soluble in water, methanol, and glycerol. 

Anhydrous sulfate is a microcrystalline hygroscopic sohd density 3.22 g/cm3 decomposes at 410°C soluble in water. 

In the case of paranitrotoluene (PNT), the experimental conditions as well as some results obtained in the presence of inorganic anhydrous sulfates are shown in table 2. 

TABLE 2 Nitration of PNT by the "nitric acid - dessicant (anhydrous sulfate) couple (p.nitrotoluene 20 mmole 100 % HNO, 21.4 mmole perfluoroalkane 6 cm3 dessicant 7-8 g. Temperature 60°C reaction time 1-1.5 hr.). 

On heating, all of the anhydrous sulfates of the trivalent rare-earth elements and yttrium, type formula R2(S04)3 decompose, without first melting, to basic salts (oxysulfates) of the type R203.S03, then to an oxide. The oxide final product is R203 for all the elements except cerium, praesodymium,... 

This refers to decomposition of the normal anhydrous sulfate to its first decomposition product, oxysulfate or oxide as the case may be for each element. The dashed line preceding Gd represents the other rare earth elements. With increasing atomic number the stability first decreases in the order Pr - Nd - Sm - Eu and then increases in the order Tb - Dy - Ho - Er - Tm - Yb. 

If tri8(ethylenediamine)chromium(III) chloride is prepared by the method of Rollinson and Bailar,7 it is worthy of note that if the dehydration of the hydrated chromium (III) sulfate is performed in a vacuum oven (2-3 mm. Hg, 70-80°C.) the anhydrous sulfate is obtained in a much more reactive form so that the reaction with ethylenediamine, when started by local heating, proceeds by itself and is finished within an hour. Editor s note For an alternative preparation, see Inorganic Syntheses, 10, 33 (1967) also ref. 26. 

Esters of various oxyacids have been isolated the anhydrous sulfate (equation 31), formed at 160 °C, is unstable. 

Evidence for the existence of Po(S04)2 is stronger. The reaction between PoCLt or the hydroxide of polonium with sulfuric acid (0.5-5.0 N) yields a white solid identified as the hydrated solid. The solubility of this material increases with increasing acid concentration, which suggests the formation of anionic sulfate complexes. The white solid loses its water of hydration thermally and leaves a purple solid identified as the anhydrous sulfate. 

Calcium sulfate anhydrous anhydrite anhydrous gypsum anhydrous sulfate of lime Destab-, Drierite-, E516 karste-nite muriacite Snow White. 

Beside anydrous calcium chloride and the anhydrous sulfates, a munber of other inorganic compounds are used for drying agents. Among the more common are the solid alkali hydroxides, NaOH and KOH, the alkali carbonates, particularly potassium carbonate, and the oxides of barium and calcium. The student should read the section on drying agents on pages 357-358. 

Also known as anhydrous sulfate of lime, anhydrous gypsum is having somewhat pinkish colour. 

Delafosse, et al. C5 ), have shown that sulfides of nickel and cobalt can be prepared by heating their anhydrous sulfates in a stream of H2/H2S at low temperatures. However, the experimental conditions for obtaining pure Ni3S2 and CogSg were not specified. 

Beryllium sulfate crystallizes with 6, 4, 2, or 1 molecules of water. The anhydrous sulfate is formed at 220° and at red heat BeO is formed. The sulfate forms no mixed crystals with the sulfates of copper, nickel, or iron, as do the other members of the magnesium family. 

With sulfur a compound of the formula ZrS2 is produced by the action of CS2 on zirconia at red heat. It forms steel-gray crystals which are not decomposed by water nor most acids, but HN03 oxidizes the zirconium and precipitates the sulfur. The zirconyl sulfide ZrOS is obtained when the anhydrous sulfate is heated to red heat in a stream of EbS. It is a bright yellow powder which ignites readily in the air. 

Eutopic sulfate, Eu SO, octahydrate, a pinkish cryst solid, prepd by dissolving the oxide in sulfuric acid. Soly in water 2.56 parts per 100 parts at 20°, 1.93 parts per J00 parts at 40°, On heating at 375° yields the anhydr sulfate. 

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