Industrial research engaged

Interest in the chemistry of water-soluble polymers (polyelectrolytes) has been continually increasing during the past 45 years. The tremendous scope of utility for water-soluble polymers has led to a vigorous search for new materials and the rapid development of polyelectrolytes into a dynamic field of industrial research. Growth in this field has been especially rapid since 1960 and today, many companies are engaged in synthesis and applications research on polyelectrolytes that are primarily used in four main marketing areas water treatment, paper, textiles, and oil recovery [1]. Polyacrylamide gel was also used as soil conditioner [2-4]. 

These included Johns Hopkins pharmacologist John J. Abel (by letter only, as he could not attend), Rockefeller Institute biochemist P. A. Levene, Chief of the U.S.D.A. Bureau of Chemistry Carl Alsberg, Wisconsin pharmacologist Arthur Loevenhart (engaged at the time in chemical warfare work), Acting Director of the Mellon Institute for Industrial Research E. R. Weidlein, and two industry representatives, Frank Eldred of Eli Lilly and Company and D. W. Jayne of the Barrett Company. The addresses were published in the December 1918 issue of the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, and were also reprinted and circulated to numerous individuals whose views were solicited (21). 

The Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) is engaged in a number of projects relating to CO2 sequestration, including ... 

These important results have stimulated many research workers in universities and industrial research laboratories in the world to investigate the particular state of aggregation and coordination that Tilv assumes when forced into framework positions of hydrophobic crystalline silicas. Researchers are also engaged in the search for other compounds containing titanium and silicon oxides with Tilv in the same coordination and environment, on the assumption that similar catalytic properties would be obtained. Relevant discoveries have been made, and additional valuable information has been obtained on this new class of materials and on their catalytic performance in many different reactions. 

Dr. Toy is an outstanding exaitple of a personality vdio has dedicated his life to research in industrial chemistry. With his scientific talents and his ability to create a stimulating and challenging atmosphere of scientific cooperation, he has brilliantly fulfilled all the requirements expected from an industrial research leader. He has made remarkable contributions to our knowledge in the field of Phosphorus Chemistry, vhich have been recognized worldwide. He has served the chemical community with his untiring engagement for the American Chemical Society and other scientific institutions within and outside the United States. 

This book has been written with the close cooperation of six chemists from our bismuth research group. Collection of the literature and selection of the material took much time and energy. The book will appeal to academic and industrial researchers alike it is useful especially to chemists engaged in bench work. It is hoped that this book will provide a stimulus as well as the basis for further development of organobismuth chemistry. 

The chapters in this book have been contributed by 20 authors from 6 countries who are experts in the physicochemical aspects of food engineering and processing. Whenever possible, the most recent advances on the topics have been included and discnssed. The book shonld thns be nseful for both graduate students and academic researchers engaged in food processing research, as well as for industrial researchers seeking np-to-date and new information on the increasingly important combination of the two aspects of food research and development. 

Consider how the different parts of our technical community relate to national objectives. Each of the principal sectors --university, industry, and government--are engaged continuously in activities that fulfill a series of national objectives. Industrial research functions primarily as a mechanism for economic growth. Universities, of course, fill a reservoir of basic research and provide training. Each government agency that has technical component supports R D related to its particular mis-sion--national security, health, transportation, and so on. 

It is interesting to note that the development of TREF as a routine polymer analysis tool has until recently taken place almost exclusively within industrial research laboratories. Further, the more sophisticated versions of the TREF have emerged from laboratories associated with companies engaged in the production of linear low density polyethylenes (LLDPE). Clearly this has been driven by the need to understand the nature of LLDPE which exhibits behavior indicative of considerable structural heterogeneity. This is in spite of the fact that, compared to conventional low density polyethylene (LDPE), it is narrow in MWD and contains little or no long-chain branching. 

Profiling has produced few data of use to scientists engaged in basic research on the processing of odor quality [69]. However, in more applied settings, the reliability of average profiles allows industry researchers to describe the quality of odors with a standard vocabulary [82,88,94]. Further,... 

For more than half a century, significant numbers of chemists have worked in industrial research. Between 1920 and 1950, there were dramatic increases in the number of research laboratories within the chemical process industries. During the same period, the number of chemists employed in industrial research rose from about 3800 to more than 23000 persons. A growing proportion of all industrial chemists was engaged in research and development activity during the interwar years. 

On the turn to contract research and the organization of the government s wartime scientific research in general, see III, U.S. Congress, 1945 III, Stewart, 1945 III, Kevles, 1978, 287-301 and III, Pursell, 1979. The ACS survey is reported in IB, Utilization , 1947. By 1973, some 118000 scientists and engineers were involved in industrial research and development using federal funds, compared to 48 000 engaged in federal intramural research and development (lA, NSB, 1975,126, 212, Table 4-4). 

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