Industrial industry characteristics

The industry case matches the chemical industry characteristics in the scope defined in subchapter 3.1 specifically... 

CMC has been widely used as a nonstaining wallpaper adhesive. It has also been used as an adhesive in the paper and textile industries. Characteristics of CMC that are important for this application are its ease of slip, nonspoiling property, high adhesive efficiency, and ease of makeup. CMC has found use in the ceramics industry where its ability to bind and suspend materials during various stages of manufacture is important. It is used in glazes for sanitaryware, structural tile, and dinner ware. 

Steam reforming of naphtha is well established in industry. Characteristics of the reactions are summarized including a discussion of possibilities to control carbon formation by catalyst formulation. The progress in tubular reforming of natural gas related mainly to use of higher temperatures can be implemented for liquid feedstocks by installation of an adiabatic prereformer. This is illustrated by industrial examples. 

As will be shown in the following sections 6.2.1, 6.2.2, and 6.2.3 all the main types of processes and techniques of size enlargement by agglomeration (Chapter 5) are being used in the pharmaceutical industry. Characteristic design features are based on what has been discussed above. The equipment is typically small, built from stainless steel, and can be cleaned easily inside and out to avoid cross-contamination. In addition, more and more installations are executed with a physical separation between the (dirty) drives and other mechanical parts that require technical maintenance and the containments that process the charge. Sophisticated control and recording devices are a common part of all systems, in part to satisfy the requirements of process validation. 

Industry Characteristics That Affect Plant Engineering... 

Dickens, William T. and Lawrence F. Katz. 1987. Inter-Industry Differences and Industry Characteristics. In Kevin Lang and Jonathan S. Leonard (eds.). Unemployment and the Structure of Labor Markets. New York Basil Blackwell. 

Dr Michael Waite at California State University, Fresno, has an interesting analogy for safety culture. He equates safety culture to what is known in the wine industry as terroir . It is the terroir that creates the characteristics of the wine. The correlation is that if we wish to develop a safety culture, we look at all of the conditions, work environment, personnel, industry characteristics, etc., and use these to determine what the nature of the culture is and to define actions that can improve the safety culture. 

Because specific market environments and industry characteristics wiii differ from company to company it is dangerous to offer aii-embracing soiutions. However, a number of generai principies are beginning to emerge ... 

U.S. insurance companies that underwrite motor carriers keep statistical and financial-related information/data on insurance claims and policies. This data is also transmitted by the participating companies to the Insurance Services Office, Inc. (ISO) [18, 22], ISO is a nonprofit organization that provides various types of data-related services to the U.S. property/casualty insurers [18, 23]. Its statistical data permit investigation of various industry characteristics, including geographic location, vehicle age, size of claim, driver age, and vehicle weight. 

A mtmber of researchers have developed models of corporate performance which incorporate the risk measure. Bettis (1982), for example, developed a model linking performance to the three independent variables Industry Characteristics (IC), Strategic Decisions (S) and Risk (R) ... 

Risk in turn was viewed as being determined by the two variables Industry Characteristics and the Strategy developed. Bettis and Hall (1982) and Bowman (1980) supported this view that risk is essentially an endogenous variable, with risk exposure being largely determined by the strategic choices of the business. Similarly, Ritchie and Marshall (1993, p. 165) concluded that a well devised strategy could simultaneously reduce risks and increase returns . The performance metrics focus of these studies esserrtially employed a financial definition of... 

The introduced fuzzy model computes the required components for the definition of the logistics customer service-revenue curve. The calculation includes a standardization of logistics customer service, by operationalizing into the four service factors lead time, delivery quality, reliability and flexibility. This ensures comparability due to widely different comprehensions of logistics customer service widely in practice and theory. Furthermore, the model considers external factors ftom a company s perspective in terms of industry characteristics, as well as customer s and competitor s reactions to alterations in logistics customer service. 

With respect to fuels utilized as heating fuels for industrial furnaces, or as motor fuels for large diesel engines such as those in ships or power generation sets, the characteristics of primary importance are viscosity, sulfur content and the content of extremely heavy materials (asphaltenes) whose combustion can cause high emissions of particulates which are incompatible with antipollution legislation. 

Table 5.28 gives the modifications in physical/chemical characteristics resulting from deeper and deeper hydrotreatment (Martin et al., 1992). The sulfur contents could thus be reduced to first as low as a few hundred ppm, then to a few ppm. The level of aromatics in the selected example drops from 39% to 7% while the cetane number increases from 49 to 60. Note here that such a treatment, possible through experimental means, does not correspond to current industrial practice because of its high cost and its very high hydrogen consumption. 

Characteristics of Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products... 

Specifications represent, as indicated in dictionaries, the definition of the characteristics that a construction, a material, a product, etc., must have. The specifications for industrial products, such as petroleum products, are thus lists of terms and conditions that the products must meet. There are many types of specifications for petroleum products ... 

Governmental specifications. In France, they are published through inter-ministerial directives and are prepared at the Ministry of Industry by the DHYCA (Direction des Hydrocarbures et des Carburants). They govern the characteristics that products must adhere to in all French territories. 

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