Pharmaceutical industry characteristics drug delivery

As of today, there are no commercially available pharmaceutical products of this technology. The pharmaceutical industry however, is involved in developing nanoparticle-based delivery systems. Use of nanospheres to modify the blood-brain barrier (BBB)—limiting characteristics of the drug enables targeted brain delivery via BBB transporters and provides a sustained release in brain tissue and vaccine delivery systems to deliver therapeutic protein antigens into the potent immune cells are under investigation.103... 

Since cellulose and cellulose derivatives have found wide acceptance in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and medical industries, much work is currently focusing on highly selective modification of cellulose ethers (as well as cellulose esters) for highly targeted controlled release characteristics. Interaction with water, and interaction with a variety of co-substrates under conditions varying in temperature, ionic strength, pH, etc., has opened avenues for the use of cellulose ethers in drug delivery. This field has recently been reviewed [78,79]. 

The use of ttaditional disperse systems, e.g., macroemulsions, in the pharmaceutical industry has been limited due to manufacturing complexity and stability problems [117]. The characteristic properties of nano-emulsions (kinetic stability, small and controlled droplet size, etc.) make them interesting systems for pharmaceutical applications. Indeed, nano-emulsions are used as drug delivery systems for administration through various systemic routes. There are numerous publications on nano-emulsions as drug delivery systems for parenteral [17,18,28,29,118-124], oral [25,125-129], and topical administration, which includes the administration of formulations to the external surfaces of the body skin [32,130,131] and to the body cavities nasal [30,132] as weU as ocular administration [31,133-136]. Moreover, many patents concerning pharmaceutical applications of nano-emulsions have been registered [17,18,25,137-145]. An application of nano-emulsions in this field has been in the development of vaccines [33,146-147]. 

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