Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, determination

Karthikeyan, S. and S. Hirata. 2004. Ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination of arsenic species in marine samples. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 18 323-330. 

Garcia-Ruiz, S., Moldovan, M., and Garcia Alonso, J.I. (2007) Large volume injection in ion chromatography separation of rubidium and strontium for on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination of strontium isotope ratios. J. Chromatogr. A, 1149 (2), 274-281. 

Vandecasteele, C.,Vanhoe, H., Dams, R.,Vanballenberghe, L.,Wittoek, A., andVersieck,/ (1991). Geological and nuclear applications of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Determination of strontium in human serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and neutron activation analysis A comparison. Anal. Proc. 37(8), 382. 

Valles Mota, J. R, Linde Arias, A. R., Fernandez de la Campa, M. R., Garcia Alonso, J. I., and Sanz-Medel, A. (2000) Development of a stable isotope approach for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination of oxidised metaUothionein in biological materials. Anal Biochem., 282,194—9. 

Numerous methods have been pubUshed for the determination of trace amounts of tellurium (33—42). Instmmental analytical methods (qv) used to determine trace amounts of tellurium include atomic absorption spectrometry, flame, graphite furnace, and hydride generation inductively coupled argon plasma optical emission spectrometry inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry neutron activation analysis and spectrophotometry (see Mass spectrometry Spectroscopy, optical). Other instmmental methods include polarography, potentiometry, emission spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray fluorescence. 

The very low Hg concentration levels in ice core of remote glaciers require an ultra-sensitive analytical technique as well as a contamination-free sample preparation methodology. The potential of two analytical techniques for Hg determination - cold vapour inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CV ICP-SFMS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) with gold amalgamation was studied. 

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a multielement analytical method with detection limits which are, for many trace elements, including the rare earth elements, better than those of most conventional techniques. With increasing availability of ICP-MS instalments in geological laboratories this method has been established as the most prominent technique for the determination of a large number of minor and trace elements in geological samples. 

Determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry of acid digested catalyst samples Calculated from X-ray diffraction peak broadening at (101) foranatase and (110) formtile TiOa Mean particle diameter measured from transmission electron microscopy pictures of gold catalysts... 

Larsen EH, Knuthsen P, Hansen M (1999) Seasonal and regional variations of iodine in Danish dairy products determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Anal At Spectrom 14 41-44. 

Itoh, A., Hamanaka, T., Rong, W., Ikeda, K., Sawatari, H., Chiba, K., and Haraguchi, H., Multielement determination of rare earth elements in geochemical samples by liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Anal. Sci., 15, 17, 1999. 

Pilon F, Lorthioir S, Birolleau J-C, et al. 1996. Determination of trace elements in radioactive and toxic materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Anal Atom Spectrom 11 759-763. 

In isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) the spike, the unspiked and a spiked sample are measured by ICP-MS in order to determine the isotope ratio. Using this technique, more precise and accurate results can be obtained than by using a calibration graph or by standard addition. This is due to elimination of various systematic errors. Isotopes behave identically in most chemical and physical processes. Signal suppression and enhancement due to the matrix in ICP-MS affects both isotopes equally. The same holds for most long-term instrumental fluctuations and drift. Accuracy and precision obtained with ID-ICP-QMS are better than with other ICP-QMS calibration... 

Zhang Z-W, Shimbo S, Ochi N, et al. 1997. Determination of lead and cadmium in food and blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry a comparison with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Science of the Total Environment 205(2-3) 179-187. 

ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) is frequently used for determining ultratrace amounts of technetium [9]. In spite of the high cost of the equipment, this detection method is far superior to other radiometric methods as regards sensitivity. When a double focussing high-resolution system is used (HR-ICP-MS) and an ultrasonic nebulizer is introduced [10], the detection limit is in the order 0.002 mBq. The ICP-MS method has been successfully applied to the determination of environmental "Tc as well as to other long-lived radionuclides of neptunium and plutonium in the environment. 

Measurement techniques that can be employed for the determination of trace metals include atomic absorption spectrometry, anodic stripping voltammetry, differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, liquid chromatography of the metal chelates with ultraviolet-visible absorption and, more recently, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 

Klane and Blum [69] showed that inductively coupled plasma spectrometry was able to determine below 1000 ng/1 of arsenic in seawater. Ion exclusion chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been used to determine several arsenic species in seawater [ 947 ]. Down to 3 ng/1 arsenic can be determined using hydride generation prior to this technique. 

Parts per billion concentrations of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) in seawater have been determined using high-performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [196]. 

Turyan and Mandler [483] determined ppt levels of mercury in seawater by first converting mercury salts to elemental mercury using stannous chloride, the mercury was then trapped on gold deposited on platinum gauze and released by heating prior to determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 

Debrak and Denoyer [484] determined mercury at the ppt level in seawater by the addition of tin chloride to produce hydrogen vapour, and trapping on gold-platinum gauze, prior to heating and detection of the mercury released by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 

Specht and Beauchemin [506] have described an automated system to provide online addition of isotopic spikes to seawater samples in the determination of molybdenum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 

At present, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry provides a unique, powerful alternative for the determination of rare earths in natural samples [638,639]. Nevertheless, its application to the determination of rare earths at ultratrace concentration level in seawater is limited, because highly saline samples can cause both spectral interferences and matrix effects [640]. Therefore, a separation of the matrix components and preconcentration of the analytes are prerequisites. To achieve this goal, many preconcentration techniques have been used, including coprecipitation with... 

Tian-Hong Zhang et al. [652] have reported a new ion exchange chelating fibre with aminophosphonic and dithiocarbamate groups, based on polyacrylonitrile for the preconcentration of rare earth elements in seawater prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Rare... 

Tao et al. [912] preconcentrated tin by derivatisation, followed by gas chromatography - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Down to 0.00001 ng/1 tin could be determined in seawater. 

Technetium has been determined in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after preconcentration by coprecipitation with iron hydroxide [33]. 

Soil samples were collected along a traverse over the Honerat kimberlite and extended off the kimberlite approximately 75 m SE and 225 m NW from the pipe s centre (Fig. 1). Although it is common practice to collect samples from upper B-horizon soil (Levinson 1980 Bajc 1998 Mann et al. 2005) our samples were collected from C-horizon soil because GAGI samplers were placed at a depth of 60 cm (well below the B horizon). Within 8 hours of sampling, a portion of each soil sample was mixed with Milli-Q water (1 1) to create a slurry. The values of pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were determined in each slurry. Ammonia acetate leach of the soil samples were performed at Acme Analytical Laboratories, Vancouver, where 20 ml of ammonium acetate was mixed with 1 g soil sample and elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The GAGI samplers installed at Unknown were placed in piezometers and submerged in water at a depth of approximately 1 m below ground surface. 

Tapwater, surface water and WWTP effluents were sampled, filtered (0.2pm) and acidified to pH 2.0. REE were separated and preconcentrated following the method described in detail by Bau and Dulski (1996). REE concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 

H. Louie, M. Wu, P. Di, P. Snitch, and G. Chappie. Determination of Trace Elements in Seawater Using Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 17(2002) 587-591. 

Furuta, N. (1991). Interlaboratory comparison study on lead isotope ratios determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analytical Sciences 7 823-826. 

Bednar AJ, Mirecki JE, Inouye LS, Winfield LE, Larson SL, Ringelberg DB. The determination of tungsten, molybdenum, and phosphorus oxyanions by high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Talanta 2007 72 1828-1832. 

Dulski, P. (1994). Interferences of oxide, hydroxide and chloride analyte species in the determination of rare earth elements in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry 350 194-203. 

Evans, R. D. and Outridge, P. M. (1994). Applications of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to the determination of environmental contaminants in calcified biological structures. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy 9 985-989. 

Hollocher, K. and Ruiz, J. (1995). Major and trace-element determinations on NIST glass standard reference material-611, material-612, material-614, and material-1834 by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Geostandards Newsletter 19 27-34. 

Holmes, L.J., Robinson, V. J., Makinson, P. R. and Livens, F. R. (1995). Multi-element determination in complex matrices by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Science of the Total Environment 173 345-350. 

Jarvis, K. E. (1988). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry a new technique for the rapid or ultra-trace level determination of the rare-earth elements in geological materials. Chemical Geology 68 31-39. 

Jarvis, K. E. and Williams, J. G. (1993). Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) a rapid technique for the direct, quantitative determination of major, trace and rare-earth elements in geological samples. Chemical Geology 106 251—262. 

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