Ion exchange chelate

As shown in Fig. 1 biosorption comprises a variety of processes including ion exchange, chelation, adsorption, and diffusion through cell walls and membranes all of which are dependent on the species used, the biomass origin and, and solution chemistry (Gavrilescu 2004). Biosorption is a fast and reversible process for removing toxic metal ions from solution. 

Tian-Hong Zhang et al. [652] have reported a new ion exchange chelating fibre with aminophosphonic and dithiocarbamate groups, based on polyacrylonitrile for the preconcentration of rare earth elements in seawater prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Rare... 

Ion exchange/chelation resins containing dense star polymers having ion exchange or chelate capabilities. [G. R. Killat, D. A. Tomalia, U. S. Pat. 4,871,779 1989] [ 541]. 

Pereiro Carcla et al. [53] described an online preconcentration of aluminum from dialysis concentrates using cation and anion exchangers, Chelex 100, and a synthetic resin, followed by FAAS determination. There is no doubt that there are many more application possibilities when the wealth of chemical literature on ion exchange, chelate formation, and solvent extraction is reexplored for online FI sample handling. Online preconcentration could become even more attractive if it is combined with online sample digestion [54,55]. It was demonstrated that... 

The mechanochemical systems may be classified according to the principle of reaction ) changes in ionisation state (hydrogen-ion transfer, ion exchange, chelation) 2) redox reaction 3) steric isomerisation 4) phase transition or order-disorder transition 5) polymer-polymer association or aggregation 6) electrokinetic processes [73]. 

On the other hand, improving sensitivity frequently requires preconcentration with, for example, SPE materials such as a column packed with an ion exchanger, chelating agent or C18 material which additionally allow the simultaneous removal of potential interferents. 

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