Inadvertent release

A. Operator error A. Judgement errors I B 1 could result in an inadvertent release of CSM into the workplace. Personnel injury or death could result. System/facility damage minimal. None... 

The environment is a dynamic system and toxic chemicals inadvertently released into one phase of the environment invariably translocate into the other phases. The potential risks associated with the release of toxic... 

In snmmary, many of the specific chemicals in petroleum are hazardous because of their chemical reactivity, fire hazard, toxicity, and other properties. In fact, a simple definition of a hazardons chemical (or hazardous waste) is that it is a chemical substance (or chemical waste) that has been inadvertently released, discarded, abandoned, neglected, or designated as a waste material and has the potential to be detrimental to the environment. Alternatively, a hazardons chemical may be a chemical that may interact with other (chemical) snbstances to give a prodnct that is hazardous to the environment. Whatever the case, methods of analysis mnst be available to determine the nnrture of the released chemical (waste) and from the data predict the potential hazard to the environment. 

A regulatory framework and approval process was set up to avoid inadvertent release of material, to ensure environmental safety, and to protect the integrity of the plant product intended for food or animal feed. Much overlap exists between the agencies responsible for addressing these issues. 

By-product disposal from vinyl chloride manufacturing plants is complicated by the need to process a variety of gaseous, organic liquid, aqueous, and solid streams, while ensuring that no chlorinated organic compounds are inadvertently released. Each class of by-product streams requires its own treatment and disposal system. 

Beyond the list of 13 substances, a larger list of chemicals has been consolidated and is subject to reporting requirements under EPCRA and CAA (see footnote 1). Most are classified as extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) and are subject to limits on the quantities allowed on site (threshold planning quantities—TPQs). The use of EHSs requires that documentation, training, surveillance, and emergency planning protocols are created for dealing with everyday use and inadvertent release. 

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) (see Figure 1) are emitted into the atmosphere from the combustion of chlorine-containing materials.1-13 Additionally, PCBs, which were used as lubricants and dielectric fluids,13 are volatilized into the atmosphere from soils and bodies of water (for example, from the Great Lakes) after their disposal or inadvertent release into, and cycling through, the environment.114-18 Atmospheric concentrations of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs have been measured at numerous locations,2,15,1619-62 and these organochlorine... 

Because of the necessity to maintain the purity and integrity of the genetic materials associated with the biotechnological process, containment6 is a particularly important consideration in preventing cross-contamination as well as the inadvertent release of biologically active materials. 

In the early days of vaccine development the majority of untoward effects after immunization were associated with faulty production, and the control of biological products as they exist today has been developed largely as a result of major accidents. For example, the Cutter incident in the USA in 1955, in which a batch of inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine containing live poliovirus was inadvertently released, had devastating consequences. The World Health Organization (WHO) subsequently took over the responsibility for international biological standardization. Currently, more than 50 WHO requirements for the manufacture and control of biological substances have been adopted and updated. As a result of the incorporation of WHO requirements, and their strict observance by manufacturers and control authorities, accidents due to faulty production of vaccines have become rare (SEDA-13, 271). 

Low environmental impact upon inadvertant release High enviromnental impact upon inadvertant release... 

By inadvertent release from erythrocytes or tissues, hemoglobin and myoglobin can produce deleterious effects on cells and tissues. These heme-proteins are then able to be... 

CFR109-43.307-2.50 4.4.2 Monitoring of Hazardous Chemicals for Radioactive/Chemical Contamination - To prevent inadvertent release of hazardous personal property from the DOE sites by transfer or sale to the public, all hazardous or suspected hazardous property chemicals shall be checked for radioactive or chemical contamination by enviromnental, safety, and health officials. 

Measures must be taken to reduce exposure if inadvertent release occurs. 

Prevent inadvertent release of toxic chemicals or explosion Convert released chemicals into a nonhazardous of less hazardous form Provide indicators (alarms) of the existence of hazardous conditions Provide protection against human or environmental exposure after a release Provide emergency equipment to treat exposed individuals... 

The HCF is dedicated primarily to the mission of chemical processing of radioisotopes. The radiological concerns that exist for these operations include the potential for direct personnel exposure to highly radioactive materials and the potential for uptake of contamination that might be inadvertently released to inhabited areas of the facility. These hazards are identified and described in Chapter 3. 

Bioremediation is the intentional use of the biodegradation processes to eliminate environmental pollutants (e.g., NAPL fuels), from sites into which they have been intentionally, or inadvertently, released. Bioremediation technologies use the physiological potential of microorganisms to remove/ eliminate the contaminants— mainly organic compounds—at field sites [44]. 

Leaver, G. and Hambleton, P. (1992). Designing bioreactors to minimise or prevent inadvertent release into the workplace and natural environment, Pharm. TechnoL, 4,18-26. 

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