Immunological Atopic

Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory condition with genetic, environmental, and immunologic mechanisms. Many immune cells have demonstrated abnormalities, including Langerhans cells, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells, and keratinocytes. 

Bussmann C, Maintz L, Hart J, Allam JP, Vrtala S, Chen KW, Bieber T, Thomas WR, Valenta R, Zuberbier T, Sager A, Novak N Clinical improvement and immunological changes in atopic dermatitis patients undergoing subcutaneous immunotherapy with a house dust mite allergoid a pilot study. Clin Exp Allergy 2007 37 1277-1285. 

Mclntire JJ, Umetsu SE, Macaubas C, Hoyte EG, Cinnioglu C, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Barsh GS, Hallmayer JF, Underhill PA, Risch NJ, Freeman GJ, DelG uyfF RH, Umetsu DT Immunology hepatitis A virus link to atopic disease. Nature 2003 425 576. 

The present edition of Molecular Immunology on T-Cell Regulation in Allergy, Asthma and Atopic Skin Diseases provides the latest... 

The second part describes the regulation and immunological events in different allergic diseases, such as asthma and atopic skin diseases, in parasite infection and delayed-type hypersensitivity. Special attention is paid to mucosal tolerance, which is important in many respects including... 

Kawalski H, Polanowicz U, Jonderko G, Kucharz EJ, Krol W, Klimmek K, Gina AR, Pieczyrak R, Slifirski J, Shani J. Immunological parameters and respiratory functions in patients suffering from atopic bronchial asthma after intravenous treatment with salmon calcitonin. Immunol Lett 1999 70(l) 15-9. 

In AD increased S. aureus colonization plays a fundamental role therefore, antistaphylococcal therapy is part of a successful management of the disease. Epidermal lipid deficiencies and barrier dysfunction contribute to enhanced S. aureus attachment to the skin and mediate immunological and inflammatory effects including the release of superantigens, additional exotoxins, and exoenzymes, and perhaps bacterial DNA-triggered mechanisms. Therapeutic possibilities include the use of topical antiseptics in cases of microbial-laden atopic eczema, corticosteroids, and specific antibiotic-antiseptic combinations in cases of localized superinfected atopic eczema and systemic antibiotics in cases of generalized superinfected atopic eczema.48... 

Piperidinyl derivatives, (II), (HI), and (IV), prepared by Brough (2), Baxter (3), and Thom (4), respectively, were effective in modulating immunologically mediated disorders and used in the treatment of psoriasis, atopical dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and other eczmatous dermatitides. 

Topical monoethyl fumarate caused contact dermatitis in a patient with atopic eczema and a generalized, partly pustulous, exanthema in a patient with psoriasis (10). The authors suggested that the mechanism was non-immunological contact urticaria. 

Organ dysfunction that can be objectively verified is present, including but not limited to cardiac, endocrine, immunological, neurocognitive neurological, and pulmonary non-atopic rhinitis. 

Increased IFNy production is associated with food-sensitive atopic dermatitis, Crohn s disease (local mucosal synthesis), RA synovial tissue (suggesting a role for this cytokine in the ongoing immunological reaction of the... 

Since tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, fibrocystic disease, intrinsic asthma, and hilar sarcoidosis are often associated with a dominant elevation of IgA (see Fig. 10 2), this has no specific value. Pneumocystis pneumonia in infants can elevate IgM (K7) (Fig. 10 6). Of course recurrent respiratory infection is a common mode of presentation of frank immune deficiencies (H32), and we find these in some 4% of patients with such histories. Reaginic states have already been considered under IgE globulin, and immunoglobulin deficiencies among atopic children support the hypothesis that atopic subjects may have a poor immunological dictionary (K2). Direct IgE assay of fluid from nasal polyps can also point to an allergic origin (D6). Parotid saliva normally contains only detectable IgA (see Table 1) (mixed saliva... 

In contrast, strategies aimed at secondary prevention can be based on the early manifestation of the IgE-mediated disease or even disease preceding IgE sensitisation, which usually occurs during infancy. Potential interventions include allergen avoidance measures to induce tolerance and early immunotherapy. Data have been provided that the early administration of pharmacotherapy in infants who have already developed atopic eczema can attenuate the allergic march into asthma (see Chapter 3, Early Immunological Influences). 

Despite important contributions of research into the cause of AD, the complicated genetic, environmental, and immunologic mechanisms that produce AD are not completely understood. The hereditary component of AD s etiology is particularly strong, as children with one affected parent have a 60% likelihood of having an atopic disease. If both parents are afflicted, the child has an 80% chance of developing an atopic condition. Paternal AD and asthma are stronger contributors to this risk, in contrast to maternal history. Most patients with AD are found to have elevated eosinophils and serum... 

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