Imaging Characteristics

The clinical and imaging presentations of OP are usually characteristic, but may mimic other pulmonary diseases. Three broad categories have been individualized (6), but other less common and/or atypical imaging patterns have been reported. 

At imaging, classical OP is characterized by multiple patchy bilateral opacities predominating in the lower lung fields and the subpleural areas, often associated with an air bronchogram (Fig. 1) (4-6,12,17,65). The chest computed 

Secondary eosinophilic pneumonias due to parasitic infections, drug toxicity, etc. 

Pulmonary function testing usually discloses a mild-to-moderate restrictive ventilatory defect, moderately reduced carbon monoxide difiusion capacity, and mild-to-moderate hypoxemia (2-6,9,16). Severe hypoxemia may occasionally occur due to a right-to-left blood shunt through densely consolidated lung parenchyma (72). Airflow obstruction is found in a minority of cases, usually smokers (2), and probably reflects preexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 

BAL shows a mixed pattern alveolitis (6,9,13,16,20,73,74), with predominance of lymphocytes (20-40%) and a slight increase of neutrophils ( 10%) and eosinophils ( 5%). Mast cells (1-2%) and plasma cells ( 1%) are often present (20). The lymphocytes CD4/CD8 ratio is usually decreased (6,13,16,20,73,74). Predominance of eosinophils over lymphocytes is uncommon (16) and suggests the diagnosis of eosinophilic pneumonia (a condition that may sometimes overlap with OP). Blood differential count usually reveals moderate leucocytosis with increased neutrophils (18,19). Increased C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are common features (6,11,18). 

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Unlike DNQ—novolac resists, CA-resist imaging characteristics are determined to a significant extent by thermally activated bimolecular chemistry taking place during postexposure processing. Since the polymer serves here as the reaction medium, its properties and state induence the course and... 

The associative, thermochemical, and photochemical properties of PATE polymer will be described and evidence will be provided supporting the thesis of labile sulfur-sulfur bonds. Photolysis of a model compound and a polymer similar to PATE but lacking thiosulfate functional groups has been conducted to provide supportive evidence for the proposed sulfur-sulfur bond cleavage reactions. Finally, a preliminary investigation of the imaging characteristics of the PATE polymer is presented in order to place the photochemical investigation in perspective. 

Preliminary Examination of PATE Imaging Characteristics. The data herein have shown that PATE resins are easily photolyzed in the deep UV region to form crosslinked films which are of sufficient integrity for photoresists. However, in addition to these film performance properties, a potential resist material must meet other equally important criteria. For example, the masked (unphotolyzed) portion of the resist film must be removed prior to etching, without damage to the cured film. Also, the cured films must withstand an etchant bath. Therefore, since PATE resins seem to meet the necessary requirements of solubility and solvent resistance, investigation of performance under crude simulated processing conditions was undertaken. 

Botteron, K.N., Vannier, M.W., Geller, B., Todd, R.D., and Lee, B.C. (1995) Preliminary study of magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in 8- to 16-year-olds with mania. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34 742—749. 

The results from Table 5 illustrate the most acceptable product, from the point of view of purchase intent. Note that the product models in Table 4 also allow the product developer to estimate the likely sensory attribute profile of the optimum product, which also appears in Table 5. Thus, it becomes possible to rapidly achieve an optimum product, whilst at the same time predict its profile on sensory and image characteristics. 

The clinical, biochemical, and thyroid imaging characteristics of thyrotoxicosis resulting from interferon alfa treatment have been retrospectively analysed from data on 10 of 321 patients with chronic hepatitis (75 with chronic hepatitis B and 246 with chronic hepatitis C) who developed biochemical thyrotoxicosis (505). Seven patients had symptomatic disorders, but none had ocular symptoms or a palpable goiter. Six had features of Graves disease that required interferon alfa withdrawal in four and prolonged treatment with antithyroid drugs in all six. Three presented with transient thyrotoxicosis that... 

The aim of this operation is the improvement of the quality of an image, in order to remove distortions or enhances some image characteristics. Preprocessing includes pixel preprocessing and local preprocessing (Du and Sun, 2004). 

Surti S, Karp J (2004) Imaging characteristics of a 3-dimensional GSO whole-body PET camera. J Nucl Med 45 1040-1049... 

There is also good evidence that inflammation has a causal role in carotid plaque instability (van der Wal et al. 1994 Redgrave et al. 2006). Visualization of plaque macrophages by MRI after their uptake of ultra-small particles of iron oxide is now possible (Trivedi et al. 2004 Tang et al. 2006). However, large prospective studies are required to determine whether these imaging characteristics predict the risk of stroke. 

Heart Agents. Routine myocardial perfusion imaging in nuclear medicine started with ° T1 thallous chloride. While ° T1+ is efficiently perfused into the myocardium, the long half-life and imaging characteristic s are not optimal for nuclear medicine imaging and cationic Tc-based perfusion agents were desired. 

Schwartz BF, Schenkman N, Armenakas NA, Stoller ML. Imaging characteristics of indinavir calcuh. J Urol 1999 161(4) 1085-7. 

Katzberg RW. Urography Into the 21 century new contrast media, renal handling, imaging characteristics, and nephrotoxicity. Radiology 1997 204 297-312. 

Any comparison of the imaging characteristics of STEM and CTEM must, then, invoke the principle of reciprocity, considered by numerous authors. Put most simply, reciprocity between the reversed paths in Figure 2 for STEM and CTEM implies that, for identical geometrical conditions, the resolution and contrast in the... 

Fig. 4. Petrographic, BSE and colour image characteristics of Tirrawarra Sandstone siderites. (A) Plane-polarized view of the main siderite cement generations that can be distinguished under the optical microscope in this case, which is the exception rather than the rule. SI has a brownish colour, whereas S2 and S3 are clear and colourless. SI is typically engulfed by S2. Note the concentration of fluid inclusions in S2, and the irregular serrated boundary between S2 and S3 (arrow), implying some dissolution of S2 prior to precipitation of S3. Sample Ml-9598, Moorari 1, 2925.5 m.

However, the SIT vidicon is limited by blooming, lag, distortion, a small detection area, and high cost. As a result, the SIT vidicon will not replace other detectors such as photographic emulsions, photomultiplier tubes, and linear photodiode arrays. Instead, the SIT vidicon is complementary to the other spectroscopic detectors. Also, as with all detectors, spectroscopists using the SIT vidicon must be aware of its detection and imaging characteristics since these affect the detected spectra, sometimes in a subtle manner. 

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