Thallous chloride

Reference Electrodes and Liquid Junctions. The electrical cincuit of the pH ceU is completed through a salt bridge that usually consists of a concentrated solution of potassium chloride [7447-40-7]. The solution makes contact at one end with the test solution and at the other with a reference electrode of constant potential. The Hquid junction is formed at the area of contact between the salt bridge and the test solution. The mercury—mercurous chloride electrode, the calomel electrode, provides a highly reproducible potential in the potassium chloride bridge solution and is the most widely used reference electrode. However, mercurous chloride is converted readily into mercuric ion and mercury when in contact with concentrated potassium chloride solutions above 80°C. This disproportionation reaction causes an unstable potential with calomel electrodes. Therefore, the silver—silver chloride electrode and the thallium amalgam—thallous chloride electrode often are preferred for measurements above 80°C. However, because silver chloride is relatively soluble in concentrated solutions of potassium chloride, the solution in the electrode chamber must be saturated with silver chloride. 

Thallous chloride [7791-12-0] M 239.8, m 429.9 , d 7.0. Crystd from 1% HCl and washed until acid-free, or crystd from hot water (50mL/g), then dried at 140° and stored in brown bottles. Also purified by subliming in vacuum, followed by treatment with dry HCl gas and filtering while molten. (Soluble in 260 parts of cold water and 70 parts of boiling water). POISONOUS. 

Thallo-. thallous, thalhum(I). -bromid, a, thallous bromide, thalliuro(I) bromide -chlorat, n. thallous chlorate, thallium(I) chlorate, -chlorid, n. thallous chloride, thallium I) chloride, -fluorid, n. thallous fiuoride. thal lium(I) fiuoride. -ion, n- thallous ion, thal lium(I) ion. -jodat, n. thallous iodate. thal liura(I) iodate. -jodid, n. thallous iodide. thallium(I) iodide, -salz, n. thallous salt. thallium(I) salt, -sulfat, n. thallous aulfate. thailium(I) sulfate, -verbindung, /. thallous compound, thallium(I) compound. 

As an example we may mention an aqueous solution of thallous chloride, T1C1. The radius ascribed to the ion T1+ is a little larger than that of K+, and about equal to that of the rubidium ion Rb+. The electrical conductivity of a dilute solution of T1C1 is not very different from that of KC1 or RbCl, but its variation with the concentration of T1C1 is... 

Chlorobromobenzene has been prepared by the diazotiza-tion of o-bromoaniline followed by replacement of the diazonium group by chlorine 1 by the elimination of the amino group from 3-chloro-4-bromoaniline 2 by the chlorination of bromobenzene in the presence of thallous chloride,3 aluminum chloride,4 or ferric chloride 4 by the bromination of chlorobenzene without a catalyst6 or in the presence of aluminum,4 iron,4 or ferric bromide 6 by the diazotization of o-chloroaniline followed by replacement of the diazonium group with bromine 4,6 and from o-chlorophenylmercurie chloride by the action of bromine.7... 

The triammine is soluble in hydrochloric acid, forming ammonium thallic chloride, 3NH4C1.T1C13, and on heating decomposes writh loss of ammonia and formation of ammonium chloride and thallous chloride. 

Thallous chloride [7791-12-0] M 239.8, m 429.9°. Crystd from 1% HCI and washed until acid-free,... 

Propylene Carbonate (PC) and Water. Data from both spectroscopic and thermodynamic studies for other solvent systems are sparse and some of it is of doubtful quality. For propylene carbonate, Salomon (40) has obtained emf data using lithium metal and thallium amalgam-thallous chloride or bromide electrodes. 

For the recoveiy of thallium from the flue dust of pyrite burners, the dust is boiled with H2O, allowed to stand some time, filtered, and HC1 added to die filtrate, whereupon crude thallous chloride is precipitated. This is purified by further treatment, and thallium metal obtained (1) by electrolysis of the sulfate solution or (2) by fusion of the chloride widi sodium cyanide and carbonate. 

The solution to the right of the glass electrode is usually a buffer solution of KH2P04 and Na2HP04, with 0.1 mol dm"3 of NaCl. The reference electrode is usually a calomel electrode, silver/silver chloride electrode, or a thallium amalgam/thallous chloride electrode. The emf of this cell depends on a(H + ) in the solution X in the same way as that of the cell with the Pt H2 electrode, and thus the same procedure is followed. 

THALLIUM SULFATE THALL0U5 CARBONATE THALLOUS CHLORIDE... 

Calculate the mean activity coefficient of thallous chloride, the solubility of which has been measured in water and in the presence of various concentrations of potassium chloride soiutions at 25 °C, as given in Tabie P.l. The soiubiiity of this salt in pure water is 1.607 x 10 mol kg". (Constantinescu)... 

Heart Agents. Routine myocardial perfusion imaging in nuclear medicine started with ° T1 thallous chloride. While ° T1+ is efficiently perfused into the myocardium, the long half-life and imaging characteristic s are not optimal for nuclear medicine imaging and cationic Tc-based perfusion agents were desired. 

SYNS RCRA WASTE NUMBERU216 THALLIUM(H-) CHLORIDE THALLIUM xMONOCHLORIDE THALLOUS CHLORIDE... 

It should be realized that the method described actually gives the ionic concentration in the saturated solution, and it is only when dissociation is virtually complete that the result is identical with the solubility. This fact is brought out by the data for thallous chloride the solubility at 18 calculated from Kohlrausch s conductance measurements is 1.28 X 10 2 equiv. per liter, but the value obtained by direct solubility measurement is 1.32 X 10 equiv. per liter. The discrepancy, which is not very large in this instance, is probably to be ascribed to incomplete dissociation of the salt in the saturated solution the degree of dissociation appears to be 128/132, i.e., 0.97. 

The activity coefficients of thallous chloride at 25 , obtained in the manner described above, in the presence of a number of salts are given in Table XLI the data are recorded for solutions of various (total) ionic... 

TABLE XLI. ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS OF THALLOUS CHLORIDE IN THE VARIOUS ELECTROLYTES AT 25 Added Electrolyte PRESENCE OP... 

Thallous Chlorochromate, Cr02(0Tl)Cl, obtained from thallous chloride and chromic acid, forms smdl prismatic crystals decomposed by waterd... 

Tri-m-xylylarsine melts at 106° C., is readily soluble in ether, petroleum, and benzene, less soluble in alcohol. When treated with thallic chloride- it yields thallous chloride and m-xylylehloroarsine. The mercurichloride, (CgH8)3As.HgCl2, melts at 257° C., is readily soluble in acetic acid, sparingly soluble in alcohol. 

Tertiary arsines react with thallic chloride, forming thallous chloride and compounds of the type RAsXg. 

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