Hormone hypothalamic

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) also known as luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 

Stimulates both thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin Stimulates both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 

Ibandronate is a bisphosphonate that inhibits osteoclast activity and reduces bone resorption and turnover. It is indicated in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. 

Activation of dopaminci (DA ) and dopamine2 (DA2) receptors reduces blood pressure. DA is not useful as an antihypertensive agent because of its alpha-adrenoreceptor activity. However, extensive studies in patients with hypertension have demonstrated that, after administration of alpha-adrenoreceptor-blocking agents, arterial pressure is decreased with maintenance or improvement of renal blood flow. 

Unlike with levodopa, nausea and vomiting do not occur with ibopamine, apparently because ibopamine does not penetrate the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the area postrema. Ibopamine may cause heartburn. Large doses of ibopamine have been shown to produce transient elevations of pulmonary wedge pressure in some patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHE), but this effect does not appear to be a serious problem with smaller doses. 

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The pituitary, as well as the hypothalamic hormones, also contribute to VN development. A transient prolactin receptor (PRLR) is expressed in the late foetal rat. At El8, there is positive staining for this binding protein along the lumenal border the reaction is restricted to the medial (sensory) zone [Freemark et al, Fig. 6(d), 1996]. These sites possibly function in the detection of endogenous lactogenic ligands such as PL-I and PL-II. The VNORs also occupy microvillous sites in this area, but the precise developmental role of PRLR in the early AOS is unknown. The modulatory influence of prolactin is well established after puberty in mammals as a reproductive determinant (Chap. 5). In a more central role, it acts on the EOG recorded from the accessory area of the bulb in newts (Toyoda, 2000). 

Sierra EM, Tiffany-Castiglioni E. 1992. Effects of low-level lead exposure on hypothalamic hormones and serum progesterone levels in pregnant guinea pigs. Toxicology 72 89-97. 

A noteworthy feature of this specialized circulation is that the regulatory hypothalamic hormones are delivered directly to the adenohypophysis by the portal system. Therefore, the concentration of these hormones remains very high because they are not diluted in the blood of the entire systemic circulation. 

Miyake A, Tasaka K, Sakumoto T, Kawamura Y, Nagahara Y, Aono T (1983) Clomiphene citrate induces luteinizing hormone release through hypothalamic hormone-releasing hormone in vitro. Acta Endocrinol 103 289-292... 

The hypothalamic releasing hormones are peptides. They reach their target cells in the AH lobe by way of a portal vascular route consisting of two serially connected capillary beds. The first of these lies in the hypophyseal stalk, the second corresponds to the capillary bed of the AH lobe. Here, the hypothalamic hormones diffuse from the blood to their target cells, whose activity they control. Hormones released from the AH cells enter the blood, in which they are distributed to peripheral organs (1),... 

Buserelin (Suprefact) and leuprolide (Lupron) are peptide analogues of the hypothalamic hormone LH-RH (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone). Chronic exposure of the pituitary to these agents abolishes gonadotropin release and results in markedly decreased estrogen and testosterone production by the gonads. Their major clinical use is in the palliative hormonal therapy of cancer of the prostate. 

Hypothalamic hormone Human growth hormonereleasing hormone and -inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)... 

Anterior Pituitary Hormone Hypothalamic Hormone Target Organ Primary Target Organ Hormone or Mediator... 

All the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary except prolactin (PRL) are key participants in hormonal systems in which they regulate the production by peripheral tissues of hormones that perform the ultimate regulatory functions. In these systems, the secretion of the pituitary hormone is under the control of a hypothalamic hormone. Each hypothalamic-pituitary-endocrine gland system or axis provides multiple opportunities for complex neuroendocrine regulation of growth, development, and reproductive functions. 

Table 37-2 Clinical Uses of Hypothalamic Hormones and Their Analogs. ...

For their work on hypothalamic hormones, Schally and Guillemin shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977, along with Rosalyn Yalow, who (with Solomon A. Berson) developed the extraordinarily sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for peptide hormones and used it to study hormone action. RIA revolutionized hormone research by making possible the rapid, quantitative, and specific measurement of hormones in minute amounts. 

The 13C NMR data of two further hypothalamic hormones, luliberin [841 -843] (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, LH —RH, Pyr-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) and somatostatin [844, 845] (Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-... 

The tripeptide amide L-Pro-L-Leu-Glyamide (melanostatin) is a hypothalamic hormone and an effective therapeutic chelating agent. Its chelating properties have been examined by Kozlowski and his co-workers59 because of thdr interest in proline-containing peptides (Chapter 20.2). With Cu11... 

The synthesis of many hormones is regulated by a cascade of hormones (fig. 24.20). Frequently, a hypothalamic hormone impinges on the pituitary to stimulate synthesis of a hormone that activates hormone synthesis in yet another organ. The end products of these cascades generally feed-back-inhibit the production of hormones at the beginning of the cascade (fig. 24.21). 

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