Corticotropin-releasing

HYPNOTICS, SEDATIVES, ANTICONVULSANTS, AND ANXIOLYTICS] (Vol 13) Corticotropin-releasing factor... 

SRIF acts as an excitatory neuromodulator in the CNS inhibiting the release of TRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), growth hormone releasing factor (GHRH), and NE. It produces general arousal and hypotension. It inhibits the release of a number of peptides and modulators in the GI tract. 

CRH (Corticotropin releasing hormone) is expressed in the nucleus paraventricularis of the hypothalamus and drives the stress hormone system by activating synthesis and release of corticotropin at the pituitary and in turn corticosteroid from the adrenal cortex. CRH is also expressed at many other brain locations not involved in neuroendocrine regulation, e.g. the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. Preclinical studies have shown that CRH also coordinates the behavioral adaptation to stress (e.g. anxiety, loss of appetite, decreased sleepiness, autonomic changes, loss of libido). 

The paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus is located adjacent to the third ventricle and has been identified as a satiety center. Neurons in the paraventricular nucleus produce neuropeptides which inhibit feeding when injected into the brain (thyrotropinreleasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), oxytocin). 

Neurotransmitter Transporters Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Neurotrophic Factors Corticotropin Releasing Hormone CRH... 

Other peptides that have been linked to the actions of ethanol are corticotropin-releasing factor, urocortin, leptin, cholecystokinin, melanocortins, and galanin (for reviews, see Cowen et al. 2004 Egli 2003 Thiele et al. 2003). 

Chorionic gonadotropin, human Corticotropin-releasing hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone Glucagon Lipotropin... 

Lowry, CA, Odda, JE, Lightman, SL and Ingram, CD (2000) Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) increases the in vitro firing rates of serotonergic neurones in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus evidence for selective activation of a topographically organised mesolimbocortical system. J. Psychopharmacol. 14 (Suppl 2) All. 

Curtis, A and Valentino, RJ (1994) Corticotropin-releasing factor neurotransmission in locus coeruleus a possible site of antidepressant action. Brain Res. Bull. 35 581-587. 

Swerdlow, N.R., and Koob, G.F. Separate neural substrates of the locomotor-activating properties of amphetamine, heroin, caffeine and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 23 303-307, 1985. 

Coronary circulation, 6 (1969) 11 Corticotropin releasing factor receptor antagonists, 41 (2003) 195 Coumarins, metabolism and biological actions, 10 (1974) 85 Cyclic AMP, 12 (1975) 293 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, 36 (1999) 201... 

Several neuropeptides are under current investigation for their role in anxiety disorders. Important neuropeptides include neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P, and cholecystokinin. NPY appears to have a role in reducing the effect of stress hormones and inhibiting activity of the LC. Both mechanisms may contribute to the anxiolytic properties seen experimentally. Substance P may have anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. This may be due in part to its effects on corticotropin-releasing hormone.21... 

Adrenal hormone production is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus and stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin from the anterior pituitary. ACTH, in turn, stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol. When sufficient or excessive cortisol levels are reached, a negative feedback is exerted on the secretion of CRH and ACTH, thereby decreasing overall cortisol production. The control of adrenal androgen synthesis also follows a similar negative-feedback mechanism. 

ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone or corticotropin CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone CT, computed tomography MRI, magnetic resonance imaging 0, none +, mild ++, moderate +++, pronounced. 

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