HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMER

One-to-one random copolymers of acrylic acid with either hydroxyethyl acrylate (a hydrogel model) or methyl acrylate failed to protect insulin from release under gastric conditions (Figure 6). In the case of the hydrogel, the expected swelling due to exposure to water occurred, releasing insulin. The behavior of the ester copolymer led to the prediction that there should be no more than about four carbon atoms per carboxylic acid group in a repeat unit of the polymers. We have not been able to disprove this hypothesis thus far. 

Figure 6. Release of insulin under gastric conditions from crosslinked 1/1 random acrylic acid copolymers with either hydroxyethyl acrylate or methyl acrylate.

Polymeric particles can be constructed from a number of different monomers or copolymer combinations. Some of the more common ones include polystyrene (traditional latex particles), poly(styrene/divinylbenzene) copolymers, poly(styrene/acrylate) copolymers, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), poly(vinyltoluene), poly(styrene/butadiene) copolymers, and poly(styrene/vinyltoluene) copolymers. In addition, by mixing into the polymerization reaction combinations of functional monomers, one can create reactive or functional groups on the particle surface for subsequent coupling to affinity ligands. One example of this is a poly(styrene/acrylate) copolymer particle, which creates carboxylate groups within the polymer structure, the number of which is dependent on the ratio of monomers used in the polymerization process. 

Other NAD microspheres are composed of styrene, MMA, hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylic acid and acrylonitrile and are blended with acrylic copolymers and melamine/formaldehyde resins [341,342]. Particles of this polymer are used as rheology modifiers to prevent sagging in automotive coatings and for controlling the orientation of metal flake pigments. 

Polyols. Typical polyols used in automotive topcoats Include acrylic copolymers and polyesters which have varied number of hydroxyl groups. Acrylic copolymers ranging in number average molecular weight from 1,000 to 10,000 and containing 15-40% by weight of a hydroxy functional comonomer such as hydroxyethyl acrylate have been studied. The acrylic copolymers were prepared by conventional free radical solution polymerization. 

Copolymers of acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate and terpolymers of acrylonitrile, styrene, and methyl methacrylate are used as bamer polymers. Acrylonitrile copolymers and multipolymers containing butyl acrylate, ethyl aciylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl methaciylate. vinyl acetate, vinyl ethers, and vinylidene chlonde are also used in bamer films, laminates, and coatings. Environmentally degradable polymers useful in packaging are prepared from polymerization of acrylonitrile with styrene and methyl vinyl ketone. 

In the case of inverse systems, hydrophilic monomers such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylamide, and acrylic acid were miniemulsified in non-polar media, e.g., cyclohexane or hexadecane [45,46]. Rather small and narrow distributed latexes in a size range between 50 nmsynthesized with nonionic amphiphilic block copolymers. Depending on the system, the surfactant loads can be as low as 1.5 wt% per monomer, which is very low for an inverse heterophase polymerization reaction and clearly underlines the advantages of the miniemulsion technique. 

Copolymers, (II), consisting of 75% to 80%-Cig-acryIate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate having high side chain crystallinity were prepared by Bitler [2] and used as oil thickeners. 

Typically, polymers of these acrylic and methacryUc esters are produced as copolymers with other acrylic and vinyl monomers. For example, acrylonitrile is often added to impart additional water and solvent resistance. Other features that can be improved include abrasion resistance, adhesion, elasticity, flexibility and film hardness. Enhanced durability to laundering can be achieved by incorporating reactive, especially crosslinking, monomers such as A -methylol acrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylamide, acrylic and methacrylic acid. Optimisation of polymer properties with the large variety of available monomers leads to near endless combinations of copolymers that are limited only by the imagination of the chemist and by the reality of the cost-efficiency ratio. 

The copolymer of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate of 100 weight parts and of hydroxyethyl acrylate of 10-20 weight parts is also a common acrylic adhesive. Without acrylic acid in the copolymer chain, this adhesive is relatively less reactive to drugs. 

The paint studied is a typical automotive thermosetting enamel which consists of an epoxy functional acrylic copolymer and butylated melamine crosslinking agent. The acrylic copolymer is composed of methyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Carbon black was used as the pigment. 

A variety of urethane coating systems has been introduced based on hydroxyl-containing acrylic and methacrylic ester copolymers that contain hydroxyethyl acrylates or methacrylates and that are generally cured with aliphatic di- or polyisocyanates. Depending upon the type and relative amounts, acrylate or other saturated esters, for example, adipate-isophthalic esters, are also used in combination with aliphatic polyisocyanates. 

MUN Mun, G.A., Nuikeeva, Z.S., Beissegul, A.B., Dubolazov, A.V., Uikimbaeva, P.L, Park, K., and Khutoiyanskiy, V.V., Temperature-responsive water-soluble copolymers based on 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate airi butyl acrylate, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 208, 979, 2007. 

EtMene/caldum acrylate copolymer 26446-38-8 Oleyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline 27138-31-4... 

Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed hair keratin Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed keratin Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed rice protein Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed silk Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed soy protein Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed wheat protein Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl silk amino acids Coco-ethyidimonium ethosulfate Coco-hydroxysultaine Coco-morpholine oxide Coco/oleamidopropyl betaine Cocotrimonium chloride Cocoyl benzyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium chloride Cocoyl hydrolyzed collagen Cocoyl hydrolyzed keratin Cocoyl hydrolyzed soy protein Cocoyl polyglyceryl-4 hydroxypropyl dihydroxyethylamine Com (Zea mays) oil Corn starch/acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer Cyclomethicone L-Cysteine L-Cystine DEA-lauraminopropionate DEA-oleth-3 phosphate DEA-oleth-10 phosphate Decarboxy carnosine HCI Decylamine oxide Decyl betaine Dibehenyidimonium chloride Dibehenyldimonium methosulfate Dibehenyl methylamine... 

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