Hydrochloric acid-potassium chloride

The aqueous portion from which the cake of acid is removed contains free hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, and glyceiol. The latter may be obtained by evapoiating to dryness on the water-bath, and extracting the residue with small quantities of alcohol, which dissolves out the glycerol. On evaporating the alcohol impure glycerol is left. 

A 250-ml three-necked flask is fitted with a condenser (drying tube). The system is flushed with dry nitrogen, and a dry nitrogen atmosphere is maintained. In the flask is placed a solution of potassium /-butoxide (2.8 g, 0.025 mole) in dry /-butyl alcohol (100 ml). 4-Benzoyloxycyclohexanone (5 g, 0.022 mole, Chapter 7, Section X) is added to the solution, the transfer being assisted by the use of 10-15 ml of dry /-butyl alcohol. The mixture is cautiously brought to reflux, and refluxing is continued for 45 minutes. The mixture is then cooled rapidly to room temperature and carefully acidified by the addition of 10 ml of 6 A hydrochloric acid (potassium chloride will precipitate). The mixture is placed on a rotary evaporator and the bulk of the solvent is removed. The residue is diluted with sufficient water to dissolve the potassium chloride and extracted three times with 50-ml portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined and extracted four times with 100-ml portions of aqueous 5% sodium bicarbonate solution. The bicarbonate extracts are combined and the solution is acidified by the addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH 4. The mixture is now extracted three times with 100-ml portions of ether, the combined ethereal extracts are washed with water, then dried, and the solvent is removed. The residual product may be recrystallized from benzene-hexane. The acid has mp 65-68°. 

Vishwavidyalaya et al. [22] used a difference-spectrophotometric method for the estimation of primaquine phosphate in tablets. One portion of powdered tablets, equivalent to 7.5 mg of primaquine phosphate, was extracted with hydrochloric acid-potassium chloride buffer (pH 2) and a second portion was extracted with phosphate buffer (pH 10). Primaquine phosphate was determined from the difference in absorbance of the acid and alkaline extracts at 254.2 nm. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 2 to 14 pg/mL of primaquine phosphate. Recovery was 98.6% and no interference was observed from excipients. Results compared with those by the British Pharmacopoeial method. 

Hydrochloric acid-potassium chloride Glycine-hydrochloric acid,... 

Explodes on contact with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, ammonium nitrate, dimethylformamide, formaldehyde, concentrated hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride + sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid + water. Forms sensitive explosive mixtures with aluminum powder + ammonium nitrate + glyceryl nitrate + nitrocellulose, ammonium perchlorate, arsenic, phosphorus, sulfur, slag wool, titanium. 

Table VI. Transference Numbers of Ions in Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid-Potassium Chloride Mixtures at 25°...

F. Merges made some observations on the electrolysis of soln. of the salt. A. Ditte said that the salt is not decomposed when dissolved in water and F. Merges gave 4-65 Cals, for the heat of soln. in 488 mols of water. E. M. Peligot found that the evaporation of the aq. soln. of the salt gives potassium dichromate but with dil. hydrochloric acid the salt does not decompose with cone, hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, chromic chloride, and chlorine are formed. A. Ditte also noticed the evolution of chlorine when the salt is treated with hydrochloric acid. 

Hilton [82] described a colorimetric method B for determining amine antioxidants (p-phenylenediamine derivatives) based on the reaction of an ethanol extract of the polymer with cupric acetate in an hydrochloric acid/potassium chloride buffered medium. Kabota [83] made coloured derivatives of amines with benzothiazoline-2-one hydrazone hydrochloride and ferric chloride, and evaluated the colours obtained, spectroscopically. 

CH2CI-CO-CH3. Colourless lachrymatory liquid b.p. 119°C. Manufactured by treating propanone with bleaching powder or chlorine. It is used as a tear gas and is usually mixed with the more potent bromoacetone. chloro acids Complex chloroanions are formed by most elements of the periodic table by solution of oxides or chlorides in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Potassium salts are precipitated from solution when potassium chloride is added to a solution of the chloro acid, the free acids are generally unstable. 

Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, V-methyl-V-nitroso-p-toluenesulfamide, anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, special grade Filter aid, Celite 545 (Johns-Manville Products Corporation)... 

TNT, Dioxane, Hydrogen sulfide gas. Ammonia, Hydrochloric acid. Potassium iodide. Sulfuric acid. Paraformaldehyde, Methylene chloride. Nitric acid. Magnesium sulfate. Chloroform, Methanol... 

Dipyridino-palladic Chloride, [Pd py2]Cl4, is formed by the action of chlorine on dichloro-dipyridino-palladium suspended in chloroform. It crystallises in small orange-coloured prisms, and rapidly loses chlorine on exposure to moist air. If heated with potassium hydroxide a brown precipitate of palladic hydroxide separates, and if this is carefully neutralised with hydrochloric acid, potassium chloro-palladate crystallises out. Treatment with an aqueous solution of potassium iodide decomposes the salt, with formation of the palladous compound thus ... 

Industrial poisoning. The production of silicone products uses substances harmful for human health. These are inorganic substances (ammonia, chlorine, sodium and potassium hydroxides, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, hydrogen chloride) and organic compounds of various types, such as hydrocarbons (methane, benzene and its homologues), chlorine derivatives (methyl- and ethylchloride, chlorobenzene), alcohols (methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, hydrosite), acetone, pyridine, etc. The information about their toxicity, explosion hazard, effect on human body, as well as maximum allowable concentrations of gases and vapours in the air at workplace can be found in special references.(Ryabov 1970). A comprehensive description of silicone substances is given in Table 29. 

This theory of electrolytic dissociation, or the ionic theory, attracted little attention until 1887 when vanT IIoff s classical paper on the theory of solutions was published. The latter author had shown that the ideal gas law equation, with osmotic pressure in place of gas pressure, was applicable to dilute solutions of non-electrolytes, but that electrolytic solutions showed considerable deviations. For example, the osmotic effect, as measured by depression of the freezing point or in other ways, of hydrochloric acid, alkali chlorides and hydroxides was nearly twice as great as the value to be expected from the gas law equation in some cases, e.g., barium hydroxide, and potassium sulfate and oxalate, the discrepancy was even greater. No explanation of these facts was offered by vanT Iloff, but he introduced an empirical factor i into the gas law equation for electrolytic solutions, thus... 

This substance is prepared by adding a hot solution of mercuric acetate to a lK>iling aqueous solution of allocinnamic acid. It crystallises in colourless microscopic crystals, which have neutral properties. Its alkaline solutions are not affected by ammonium sulphide, unless allowed to stand for a considerable time, whea mercuric sulphide separates out. When heated with hydrochloric acid, mereuiic chloride and ordinary ciimamic add are produced. The anhydride reacts with potassium icKlitle according to the equation ... 

Lead tri-p-xylyl chloride.— Lead tri-p-xylyl is changed to the bromide, and this with potassium hydroxide yields the hydroxide, which is then treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. The chloride crystallises... 

Potassium chloride reacts violently with bromine trifluoride and with a mixture of sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate. The presence of hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, and magnesium chloride decreases the solubility of potassium chloride in water. Aqueous solutions of potassium chloride form precipitates with lead and silver salts. 

A few mercurated 3-pyrazolin-5-ones have been prepared by Ragno1155 (Table XXXIX). Antipyrine was treated with mercuric acetate or mercuric ammonobasic chloride, giving mercury-containing substituents in the 4-position. The chloromercuri and acetoxymercuri compounds obtained were converted into others by treatment with hydrochloric acid, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, iodine or sodium hydroxide. More vigorous treatment with mercuric acetate introduced a second acetoxymercuri substituent which was in the phenyl ring. 

The activity coefficient of hydrogen and hydroicyl ions in hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride solutions. 

Sodium nitrate Sodium chloride Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Hydrochloric acid Potassium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide Acetic acid Oxalic acid Silver nitrate > Ammonium hydroxide Potassium sulphate Potassium nitrate... 

By the action of potassium dichromate upon hydrochloric acid potassium and chromic chlorides toeing also formed K.Cr,0, + 14HC1 = 2KC1 Cr,CU + TH,0 + 3C1,. Two parts of powdered dichromat nre heated with 17 parts of acid of sp. gr., I.IG 100 grams of the salt yielding 22.5 litres of Cl. 

The authors have studied the distribution of Th(IV) between an aqueous phase containing hydrochloric acid, potassium thiocyanate and tricapiylmethylammonium chloride (TCA-Cl) into benzene. TCA acts as a liquid ion exchanger according to ... 

MIGRATION MECHANISM OF HYDROGEN AND HYDROXYL IONS. VIM. EFFECT OF THE COMPOSITION OF GLYCEROL-WATER MIXTURES ON THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND VISCOSITY OF DISSOLVED HYDROCHLORIC ACID, POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, POTASSIUM FLUORIDE, AND POTASSIUM CHLORIDE AT 5 AND 25 DEGREES. 

As with other processes involvir reactions between hydrochloric acid (or chlorides) and ammonia, traces of free chlorine in the acid feed can lead to disastrous explosions caused by the formation of nitrogen trichloride in the saturator. Hence, adequate safety precautions must be installed whereby the HCI gas feed is monitored and the flow discontinued when chlorine is detected. This can be accomplished by such means as bypassing a small stream of gas through a photocell-calorimeter unit containing potassium iodide or using a modern continuous gas analyzer of the absorption or chromatographic type. 

The trivalent arsenic is then separated from antimony by extraction with benzene, leaving antimony in the acid layer. The trivalent arsenic is then extracted with water from the benzene phase. This solution is then extracted with a mixture of hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, and stannous chloride to convert trivalent arsenic to arsine (AsHj), which is swept into the AAS. Arsenic is then determined at the 193.7 nm absorption line. Recoveries of between 96 and 104% are obtained by this procedure in the 0.5-1.0 pg arsenic range, with a detection limit of 0.04 ppm. 

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