Potassium acetate acid oxalate

Sodium nitrate Sodium chloride Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Hydrochloric acid Potassium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide Acetic acid Oxalic acid Silver nitrate > Ammonium hydroxide Potassium sulphate Potassium nitrate... 

Chemical Treatment. The most iavolved regeneration technique is chemical treatment (20) which often follows thermal or physical treatment, after the char and particulate matter has been removed. Acid solution soaks, glacial acetic acid, and oxalic acid are often used. The bed is then tinsed with water, lanced with air, and dried ia air. More iavolved is use of an alkaline solution such as potassium hydroxide, or the combination of acid washes and alkaline washes. The most complex treatment is a combination of water, alkaline, and acid washes followed by air lancing and dryiag. The catalyst should not be appreciably degraded by the particular chemical treatment used. 

Saccharic acid. Use the filtrate A) from the above oxidation of lactose or, alternatively, employ the product obtained by evaporating 10 g. of glucose with 100 ml. of nitric acid, sp. gr. 1 15, until a syrupy residue remains and then dissolving in 30 ml. of water. Exactly neutrally at the boiling point with a concentrated solution of potassium carbonate, acidify with acetic acid, and concentrate again to a thick syrup. Upon the addition of 50 per cent, acetic acid, acid potassium saccharate separates out. Filter at the pump and recrystallise from a small quantity of hot water to remove the attendant oxalic acid. It is necessary to isolate the saccharic acid as the acid potassium salt since the acid is very soluble in water. The purity may be confirmed by conversion into the silver salt (Section 111,103) and determination of the silver content by ignition. 

Redox titrants (mainly in acetic acid) are bromine, iodine monochloride, chlorine dioxide, iodine (for Karl Fischer reagent based on a methanolic solution of iodine and S02 with pyridine, and the alternatives, methyl-Cellosolve instead of methanol, or sodium acetate instead of pyridine (see pp. 204-205), and other oxidants, mostly compounds of metals of high valency such as potassium permanganate, chromic acid, lead(IV) or mercury(II) acetate or cerium(IV) salts reductants include sodium dithionate, pyrocatechol and oxalic acid, and compounds of metals at low valency such as iron(II) perchlorate, tin(II) chloride, vanadyl acetate, arsenic(IV) or titanium(III) chloride and chromium(II) chloride. 

Oxidative decomposition of 2//-pyrantetracarboxylic acid 149 with hydrogen peroxide or nitric acid gave traces of succinic and oxalic acids, respectively.194 3-Methyl-4//-thiopyran (3) was reported to be oxidized with potassium permanganate to oxalic and acetic acids.6... 

Oxalic and Tartaric Acids. — On dissolving 1 gm. of citric acid in 2 cc. of water, and adding 10 drops of a 1 2 potassium acetate solution and 5 cc. of alcohol 85 per cent, no turbidity should be produced, nor should a crystalline deposit form within two hours. 

Calcium. — Dissolve 1 gm. of potassium bitartrate in 5 cc. of diluted acetic acid and 25 cc. of water, with the aid of heat. Allow to become perfectly cold, filter, and to the filtrate add a few drops of ammonium oxalate solution. The liquid should show no turbidity within ten minutes. 

Alumina, Calcium, and Heavy Metals. — 2.5 gm. of potassium hydroxide should completely dissolve in 10 cc. of water yielding a clear and colorless solution. Dilute the solution to 100 cc. and add 15 cc. of acetic acid (sp. gr. 1.041), followed by 10 cc. of ammonia water a slight turbidity may form within five minutes, but no flocculent precipitate of aluminum hydroxide should develop. The solution so tested, filtered if necessary, should not exhibit an immediate turbidity on adding ammonium oxalate solution and on the addition of ammonium sulphide solution should acquire at most a slight green color. 

Calcium. — On dissolving 1 gm. of potassium and sodium tartrate in 10 cc. of water, and adding to the solution 5 cc. of dilute acetic acid, and then shaking for a few minutes, a crystalline precipitate forms. On filtering off the latter, diluting the filtrate with an equal volume of water, and then adding 8 to 10 drops of ammonium oxalate solution, no turbidity should develop within one minute. 

Other physical phenomena that may be associated, at least partially, with complex formation are the effect of a salt on the viscosity of aqueous solutions of a sugar and the effect of carbohydrates on the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of electrolytes. Measurements have been made of the increase in viscosity of aqueous sucrose solutions caused by the presence of potassium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium oxalate, and the potassium and calcium salt of 5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid.81 Potassium acetate has a greater effect than potassium chloride, and calcium ion is more effective than potassium ion. Conductivities of 0.01-0.05 N aqueous solutions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate, in both the presence and absence of sucrose, have been determined by Selix.88 At a sucrose concentration of 15° Brix (15.9 g. of sucrose/100 ml. of solution), an increase of 1° Brix in sucrose causes a 4% decrease in conductivity. Landt and Bodea88 studied dilute aqueous solutions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, barium chloride, and tetra-... 

Barium ferrate suspended in glacial acetic acid oxidizes squalene to monoepoxysqualene in low yield.306 Potassium ferrate is unreactive towards alkanes, but when reduced by oxalic acid it... 

Potassium ferricyanide, 75.Og Potassium bromide, 75.0g Potassium oxalate, 195.0g Acetic acid, 40.0 ml Water, 2.0 liters... 

Essentially, all primary skin irritants include acids, alkalis, metals, salts, and solvents. Among organic acids one may include acetic acid, acrylic acid, carbolic acid, chloroacetic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and salicylic acid. Among inorganic acids one may list arsenious acid, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. Alkalis include butylamines, ethylamines, ethanolamines, methylamines, propylamines, and triethanolamine. One also may include ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium cyanamide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), and sodium silicate. 

A neat way of preparing96 the system (215) (useful in bufadienolide synthesis) from (214) is illustrated for compound (216). Bromination to (217) followed by dehydrobromination with lithium bromide in DMF gave the dienone (218), which on triethylsilane reduction produced (219) and thence, by condensation with diethyl oxalate, (220). Methylthiotoluene-p-sulphonate in ethanol-potassium acetate now produced (221) whose oxidation with N-chlorosuccinimide in 2% methanolic sulphuric acid gave (223). A previous route to such compounds was by way of the a-acetoxy-ketones (219) but suffers from a low yield at the acetoxylation step, (219) —> (222). 

Oxalate in the presence of fluoride Both calcium fluoride and calcium oxalate are precipitated by ammonium oxalate solution in the presence of dilute acetic acid. The fluoride may be identified in the usual manner with concentrated sulphuric acid or as described below. The oxalate is most simply detected by dissolving a portion of the precipitate in hot dilute sulphuric acid and then adding a few drops of a very dilute solution of potassium permanganate. The latter will be decolourized if an oxalate is present. 

Add CaCl2 solution (equal in volume to that of the solution) and a little dilute acetic acid and allow to stand. A white precipitate indicates the presence of oxalate or fluoride or both. Filter off the precipitate and dissolve it by pouring a little hot dilute sulphuric acid into the filter. Treat the hot filtrate with a few drops of potassium permanganate solution. If the permanganate is reduced, oxalate is present. 

A mixture of 20.0 g. (0.08 mol) of cobalt(II) acetate 4-hydrate, 50.0 g. (0.27 mol) of potassium oxalate 1-hydrate, and 0.5 ml. of glacial acetic acid in 150 ml. of water is placed in a beaker protected from light and is stirred mechanically and heated to 55°, whereupon a clear solution results. Sixty milliliters of 6% hydrogen peroxide is added dropwise from a buret over a 15-minute interval. The temperature is kept at 55 to 56° by the addition of small pieces of ice as the reaction proceeds. The dark green product is filtered off at room temperature, washed well with ice water, methanol, and finally acetone, and dried in the dark at 40° yield, 27.1 g. (94%). Anal. Calcd. for K4[Co2(C204)4(OH)2]-3H20 C, 13.45 H, 1.12. Found C, 13.44 H, 1.05. 

Long has prepared oxalic acid in 50% yield by introducing C 02 into an evacuated flask containing molten potassium and sand. Acetic acid labelled with C in both carbons has been prepared by Barker and... 

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